380 HEER, MIOCENE FLORA AND FAUNA, GREENLAND. 



about 22, for Greenland about 41, for Iceland and the Mackenzie 40. 

 In the most northern regions, in Spitzbergen, it is therefore the 

 least ; in Greenland it is almost twice as great, and it increases 

 southward. 



Of all the European fossil floras, that of the Baltic comes 

 nearest to the Arctic. Of the 71 species known from the Sam- 

 land and the Browncoal of Rixhoft (near Dantzic, about 66° N.L.), 

 there are 38 (54 joer cent.) in the Arctic fossil flora. [Other com- 

 parisons and illustrative remarks follow ; and at pages 13-24 a 

 table is given, of which the following is an abstract.] 



List of the Miocene Plants of the Arctic Regions. 



[From Prof. O. Heer's " Uebersicht der miocene Flora der 

 arctische Zone," 1874; pp. 13-24.] 



Spitzbergen = Sp.; Greenland=G.; Iceland— I.; MacKenzie River =M. 



I. — Cryptogams. 



Fungi. 



Sphseria arctica, H. Sp. 

 S. annulifera, H. Sp., G. 

 S. pinicola, H. Sp. 

 S. hyperborea, H. Sp. 

 Dothidea borealis, H. I. 

 Sclerotium Dryadum, H. I. 

 S. Cinnamomi, H. G. 

 S. populicola, H. G. 

 Rhytisma induratum, H.? I. 

 R. boreale, H. G-. 

 Polyporites Sequoiae, H. G. 



Alg^. 

 Muensteria deplanata, H. Sp. 



Musci. 

 Muscites Berggreni, H. 

 M. subtilis, H. G. 



Sp. 



FiLICES. 



PolypodiacecB. 

 Adiantum Diciisoni, H. Sp. 

 Woodwardites arcticus, H. G. 

 Lastrsea Stiriaca, (Ung.) Sp.,G. 

 Sphenopteris Miertschingi, H.G. 

 S. Blomstrandi, H. Sp., G. 

 Aspidium Meyeri, H. G-. 

 A. Heerii, Ett. G. 

 A. ursinum, H. G. 

 Pteris CEningensis, Ung. G. 

 P. Rinkiana, H. G. 

 P. Sitkensis, H. G. 

 Pecopteris gracillima, H. G. 



OsmwidacecB. 

 Osmunda Heerii, Gaud. G. 

 O. Torelli, H. G. 



Equisetaces. 

 Equisetum boreale, H. G. 



E. Winkleri, H. 

 E. arcticum, H. 



I. 



Sp. 



II. — Phsnogamia. 



Conifers. 



TaxinecB. 



Taxites Okiki, H. Sp., G. 



T. validus, H. G. 



Ginkgo adiantioides (Ung). G. 



Torellia rigida, H. Sp. 



T. bifida, H. Sp. 



Cupressinece. 

 Juniperus rigida, H. Sp. 

 Biota borealis, H. G. 

 Libocedrus Sabiniana, H. 

 L. gracilis, H. Sp. 

 Thuites Ehrenswardi, H. 



Cupressinoxylon 

 Merkl. G. 



Sp. 



Sp. 

 Breverni, 



