402 PKOF. NORDENSKIOLD, EXPEDITION TO GREENLAND. 



is frequently washed away again by the glacier-streams and rain. 

 We often find at the foot of the glacier, as in Fig. 2, ponds or 

 lakes in which a freshwater glacial clay, containing angular 

 blocks of stone, scattered around by small icebergs, is deposited. 



Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Inland Ice abutting on Land. 



A. Inland Ice ; B. Solid Rock ; C. Small collection of earth at the foot of 



the Glacier ; D. Lake; E. Separate blocks of Ice. 



(The Woodcuts illustrating this Memoir have been kindly lent by the Publishers of 

 the Geol. Mag.) 



Fig. 1. 



It is a common error among geologists to consider the Swiss 

 glaciers as representing on a small scale the inland ice of Green- 

 land, or the inland ice which once covered Scandinavia.* The 

 real glacier bears the same relation to inland ice which a rapid 

 river or brook does to an extensive and calm lake. While the 

 glacier is in perpetual motion, the inland ice, like the water of a 



"^ Switzerland was probably never quite covered with real inland ice ; its 

 glaciers have, however, been considerably more extensive than they now are. 



