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WOODWARD, POLAR GLACIATION, ETC. 



CXI. — On the Glaciation of the Poles of the Earth. By 

 Henry Woodward, Esq., F.R.S., Pres. Geol. Assoc, &c. 



[I. With Permission ; from the Proceedings of the Geologists' 

 Association, voh iv., pp. 17-24. 1875.] 



[lu connection with the Glacial Accumulations at the Polar Regions, and 

 their varying conditions, the following extracts from Mr. H. Woodward's 

 Presidential Address to the Geologists' Association, November 6th, 1874, 

 supply a resume of much that is known, and bear upon the migration of 

 Eaunse and Florse, such as that treated of (above') in Dr. Hooker's " Memoir 

 on the Distribution of Arctic Plants," at pages 200, 207, &c. — Editor.] 



If the obliquity of the Earth were increased, a greater 



and yet greater area would be brought under Arctic conditions. 

 When the obliquity reached 35^°, the Arctic Circle would extend 

 to lat. 54^°, and the Tropics to 35J°, reducing the Temperate 

 Zones from their present width, of 43° each, to 19°, one-half of 

 the decrease being added to the Tropics, and the other half to 

 the Arctic Zone. The half near the Equator would have its 



Fig. 8. 



Fig. 8. — Diagram of North-Polar Sea, to contrast with the South Pole 

 (Fig. 9). The South Pole has a land-surface surrounded on all sides by 

 water ; whereas the North Pole appears to be a marine area almost entirely 

 surrounded by land. 



[These woodcuts (Figs. 8 and 9) have been kindly lent by the President of 

 the Geologists' Association.] 



