620 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS. 



Simultaneous observations at Port Foulke and Van Rensselaer 

 Harbour in 1861 showed that diu-ing four days in March the 

 mean difference of temperature was 26° F. ; Van Rensselaer being 

 26° colder than Port Foulke. At or near Port Foulke the sea 

 does not freeze over entirely during the winter ; the Esquimaux 

 reside here during the winter, and animals abound. At Van 

 Rensselaer, which is exposed to the north, the climate is much 

 more severe, and there is scarcely any animal life. 



At Port Foulke the south-east, south, and south-west winds are 

 warmest, and the 7iorth-east and north Avinds are coldest. 



In his summer journey northwards in 1861 Dr. Hayes made 

 observations of temperature at several stations. At Jensen's 

 Camp, latitude 80° 48' N., it was 4°- 8 colder than at Port Foulke. 



Across Smith Sound, and up the west coast of Kennedy Channel 

 it was on the average 10° '7 colder than at Port Foulke. 



Dr. Hayes left Mr. Knott at Jensen's Camp on May 16th, who 

 made observations during his absence ; he himself went north to 

 Cape Lieber, in latitude 81° 37' N., longitude 69;^ W., which he 

 reached on May 18th. [No longitude seems to be given in the 

 tables for Jensen's Camp, or anywhere north of Cape Hawks 

 Camp, in latitude 79° 44' N., longitude 73° 6' W.] 



The fluctuations of atmospheric pressure for the month and 

 year, and the extremes as well as the direction and force of wind, 

 and the state of weather, are fully shown in the tables and curves 

 accompanying the record given in the 15th volume of the 

 " Smithsonian Contributions," which also contains an excellent 

 map of Dr. Hayes' discoveries. 



The remarkable fact, which so much puzzled Dr. Kane at 

 Van Rensselaer Harbour, that the true N.N.E. wind is a warm 

 wind, and is laden with moisture, seems to show that the northern 

 part of Greenland does not extend northwards very far beyond 

 ins position, but that the winds obtain their moisture from an 

 extensive sea to the north or north-east of North Greenland, and 

 that they derive their high temperature from the waters of the 

 Gulf Stream, since that seems to be the only warm current flow- 

 inof from low latitudes to the Polar reoions. 



4. Meteorological Observations by Sir John Ross, in 

 Baffin's Bay in 1818, and at Boothia Felix (1829-33). 



In the appendix to Sir John Ross's account of his first voyage in 

 1818, the temperature of the air and the surface temperature of the 

 sea are laid down graphically on the same diagram sheet, showing 

 a close correspondence between them. On the same sheet are con- 

 tained curves showing the variations of 



The barometer. 



The synipiesometer. 



Kater's hygrometer. 



The latitude and longitude. 



The winds. 



The specific gravity of sen- water. 



The magnetic variation. 



