TIDES AND CUREENTS. 673 



It is also stated by Sir Edward Belcher that the east winds are 

 the warm winds which are laden with snow. 



Dr. Bessels states that the coast of Greenland extends only as 

 far as 82° 30' N., and then trends away to the eastward. 



Pieces of pine-wood, up to 4 feet in length, were picked up in 

 82° N., drifting with the stream from the north, and the Esqui- 

 maux, Jem, told them that plenty of wood came from the north, 

 and was washed up along the shore of Grinnell Land, on the west 

 side of Kennedy Channel. 



" To the south of Cape Eraser the tide rose to a greater height 

 during the night, as is the case along the coast of Greenland ; 

 whereas to the north of Cape Eraser there was no perceptible 

 difference between the day and night tides." This will depend on 

 the age of the moon. 



Captain Markham, p. 191. — At times of full moon, i.e., at the 

 highest spring tides, which must take place at Cape Fraser about 

 12 o'clock, this will be true ; but at other times, when the tides are 

 small, it will probably not be found to be true even south of Cape 

 Eraser. Where the whole rise of the neap tide is only 2 feet, there 

 may be some difficulty in finding the difference in the height of 

 two tides. 



On referring to the map (p. 159) showing Kane's and Hayes' dis- 

 coveries,' it will be seen that the latitudes of all places observed by 

 Hayes up to his most northern point on the shore of Lady Eranklin 

 Strait, in latitude 81° 35' N., agrees with the latitudes as deter- 

 mined by Dr. Bessels ; also that he agrees almost entirely with 

 Dr. Bessels in the longitude of Cape Eraser and Cape Barrow 

 (lat. 80° N., long. 70° A¥.), and in the position and dimensions of 

 Hayes Sound. 



In going north from Cape Barrow, according to Dr. Bessels, 

 the coast line bears rather more to the east than according to 

 Hayes ; so that while Hayes places his extreme northern point 

 in the same longitude as Cape Barrow, Dr. Bessels places it 

 rather more than 2°, i.e., about 20 miles, to the east of Cape 

 Barrow. 



[Erom the discussion of Dr. Hayes' Observations, I cannot find 

 that any longitudes were determined to the north of Cape Barrow.] 



Hayes found the channel frozen over in May 1861, but the 

 ice much decayed. The coast on the west side was lined with 

 a heavy ridge of i^ressed-up ice, in some cases 60 feet high, and 

 far up on the beach. 



Captain Markham's " Whaling Cruise," p. 190. — The north coast 

 of Greenland is steep and precipitous, and is free from land ice, 

 whilst the shores of Grinnell Land are low and shelving, and have 

 fast ice attached to them. This agrees with the observations of 

 Dr. Hayes, p. 194. The lowest temperature registered was — 48° E., 

 with very little wind blowing at the time. The prevailing winds 

 were from the N.E. (It would be interesting to know whether 

 the highest temperatures were registered during these winds. 

 The season seems to have been a mild one.) " The fall of snow 

 *' was remarkably small." 



36122. U U 



