674 TIDES AND CURRENTS. 



p. 196.— In latitude 81° 36' N., "on the 21st of December there 

 ** were six hours of twilight, which rose at noon to an altitude 

 " of 10°." 



Dr. Bessels visited Port Foulke, and ascended to a height of 

 4,181 feet on the glacier visited by Hayes. His observations here 

 are not given. 



p. 190. — The north coast of Greenland is in latitude 82° 30' N. 

 The land on the west side of Robeson Channel is a little farther 

 to the north, and is bounded by a channel trending towards the 

 west, while to the north, at a distance of 60 miles (estimated), is 

 seen another northern land. This would give a latitude of 83° 30' 

 for this northern land. 



While Kane Avas in Smith Sound his Danish interpreter, 

 Petersen, conversed with the Esquimaux who had been to a large 

 island called Umingmuk (Musk-ox) Isle, where there was open 

 water, with Walrus there, and some of their people formerly lived 

 on the island. 



" Whaling Cruise," p. 194. — In Hall Land, the winter quarters 

 of the * Polaris,' Musk-oxen were met with, and Foxes and Lem- 

 mings ; also three kinds of Seals, but no Walruses. 



p. 192. — Traces of Esquimaux were found in latitude 82° N., 

 a couple of ribs of Walrus (used as sledge-runners), and a small 

 piece of wood (the back of a sledge) ; also remains of a summer 

 encampment. This would seem to show that Umingmuk Isle and 

 Hall Land are identical, the Petermann Fjord dividing it off 

 from the mainland at least for a considerable distance from the 

 mouth of the fjord, as shown by Dr. Bessels. 



Captain Sabine met with Esquimaux in East Greenland in 1823, 

 which were believed to have come from the north ; and M. Kol- 

 dewey met with Musk-oxen, which probably came from the north, 

 since none are found to the south of Wolstenholme Sound. 



p. 193. — " The ' Polaris ' drifted to the southward from her most 

 *' northern point, in consequence of the prevailing north-east 

 " winds." There was a current of 1 knot an hour down the 

 channel. 



Can this current down Robeson Channel be the effect of the 

 tides coming from a larger area of water beyond into the smaller 

 channel, or do the winds cause the ice to move in that direction 

 and so cause a surface current in the channel, or is there a 

 true current down this channel from the N.E. which flows into 

 Lady Franklin Strait ? These are interesting questions to deter- 

 mine. 



15. The AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN NORTH-POLAR EXPEDITION of 



1872-74. (A Lecture by Lieutenant Weyprecht.) 

 Meteorology and Hydrography, 



(Petermann's " Geograph. Mittheilungen," 1875 ; and " Natm-e," 

 March 11th and 18th, 1875.) 



" In the preliminary expedition to the east of Spitzbergen in 

 1871, the observers had found the sea completely free from ice as 



