\30 Mr.'CoLEui'Oiu^E on the Valley of the Suthtj River. 



been preserved which were found at that station : one is granular limestone, 

 the other granite with tourmalin and garnet. The stones lie there in im- 

 mense detached masses, heaped upon one another in frightful confusion. 



Eastward of that pass, in the bed of a rivulet named Ripsang, at the height 

 of 1 1,000 feet above the sea, a number of specimens were collected, com- 

 prising granite, gneiss, mica-slate, quartz and tourmalin, and calcareous tufa. 

 The rocks on either side of the rivulet are precipitous, composed of varieties 

 of loose stofies piled upon one another in wild disorder. 



Northward of the Sutluj, between two ranges of the Himalaya, in the route 

 of the survey returning westward, specimens were collected between Sangnam 

 and Labrang, which consist of clay-slate, quartz rock, and a stone very like 

 compact felspar, with mica, and compact limestone of a smoke grey colour and 

 splintery fracture. 



Between Rarang and Pangi, gneiss, and granite with and without tourma- 

 lin and garnet, occurred. 



Between Pangi and Rogi gneiss was found. Between Rogi and Miru grey 

 granite was noticed. Between Miru and Wangtu both granite and gneiss 

 were the rocks observed. 



In the bed of the Sutluj, at Wangtu, where a bridge of ropes has been 

 thrown across the river, the rocks consist of granite and gneiss. The channel 

 of the stream at this place has an elevation of 5250 feet above the sea. 



The R61 or Shatul pass over the Himalaya mountains^ the route by which 

 the surveyors returned from their arduous journey, is nearly 15,000 feet 

 above the sea. The rocks at its summit consist of gneiss. The peaks on 

 either side, rising to an elevation of nearly 3000 feet more, appear to be 

 formed of the same rock. The rocks on the southern face of the Himalaya 

 descending from the R61 pass, at the height of 12,000 feet above the sea, are 

 ascertained to be generally composed of gneiss. On the northern face of the 

 mountains ascending from the Sutluj to the R61 pass, the prevalent rock was 

 found to be granular quartz. It lies in immense compact masses. 



Besides the specimens which have been noticed, with reference to the pre- 

 cise spots where they were collected, a considerable number has also been 

 received which had been mixed and confounded ; but which Lieut. Ge- 

 rard believes to have been collected by him in his progress along the banks of 

 the Sutluj, between Rispe and Marang, Keipu-ghat and Hocho-nadi, Nam- 

 gia, and Nako. They consist of granite, gneiss, mica-slate, clay-slate, compact 

 quartz with chlorite, and primitive limestone. Several of the specimens of gra- 

 nite contain crystallized tourmalin and garnet; and also a rolled pebble of com- 

 pact smoke grey limestone. In one instance an alluvial aggregate occurs. 



