254 Messrs. Bucklands and Conybeare's Observations on the 



For the particulars of these workings we must refer to Mr. Weaver's paper. 

 The collieries of Pucklechurch (see 1st Coal-section), which are worked by 

 shafts through the lias and red marl, appear from their position in the basin to 

 belong to the lower coal-shale, and to connect the coal-seams of Yate with 

 those on the north of Kingswood. The coal-seams on the northern side of the 

 saddle of Kingswood dip rapidly to the north. They are subdivided by the 

 miners according to the collieries in which they are worked, of which the 

 Sound well*, the Staple-hill, the Duke of Beaufort's, and those near Fish- 

 ponds are the principal. (See 2d Coal-section.) One of the chief and uppermost 

 seams, called the Cock vein, may be traced from the south of Mangotsfield to 

 the south-west of Fishponds, closely bounded on the north by the superjacent 

 Pennant grit. 



In that part of the northern coal-tract which lies on the south side of the 

 saddle of Kingswood, a series of beds is worked beneath the Pennant grit, 

 which skirts the Avon from Keynsham to Bristol, along a line passing through 

 Haul-lane, Hanham, St. George's, Crews-hole, and Pyle-marsh. These beds 

 dip rapidly to the south from the ridge of Kingswood, (See 3d Coal-section.) 

 The miners have not attempted to identify the coal-seams on the northern and 

 southern flanks of Kingswood, though their general correspondence is obvious 

 from their being both included between the millstone and Pennant grits. 



The lowest of the Hanham seams have also been worked at Whitehall, and 

 near the foot of Lawrence-hill on the north-eastern suburb of Bristol. (See 

 4th Coal-section.) Other seams are worked immediately below those of White- 

 hall, at Easton. (See 5th Coal-section). They dip towards the south-east, and 

 range in an east-north-easterly direction towards the Lodge collieries, and in 

 a south-westerly direction by the eastern suburbs of Bristol directly towards 

 the collieries of Bedminster. (See 6th Coal-section.) 



The collieries of Bedminster in the western coal-tract are thus obviously 

 referable to the lower coal-shale. The Ashton seams, now out of working, lie 

 below those of Bedminster ; they both rise conformably against the millstone- 

 grit of Leigh Down. (See Tth Coal-section.) In the coal-field of Nailsea, the 

 lower seams, alternating with shale, are interposed between the millstone and 

 Pennant grits. (See 9th Coal-section.) 



In the eastern coal-tract the collieries of the Golden Valley between Wick- 

 rocks and Bitton are worked in seams immediately below the Pennant grit, 

 which are said to be the same as those of Hanham and the collieries to the 

 south of Kingswood. Those of Newton St. Leo are considered by the miners 



* The Soundwell collieries are remarkable for affording a very copious spring of brine. 



