28 HORN EXPEDITION — GENERAL GEOLOGY. 



the authors have had the opportunity of personal investigation, are : — "Chambers' 

 Pillar is composed of a loose white sandstone" (p. 6). "Johnston's Ranges had 

 the very red appearance of red sandstone, and had a series of ancient water-marks 

 along their sides" (p. 7). "The ranges by the Finke River, two miles north of 

 McMinn's Creek, are composed of red sandstone, stony and precipitous, 800 feet 

 above the plain " (p. 11). " McDonnell Range is formed of three separate lines of 

 hills, running east and west, the most northern the highest, fully 4000 feet above 

 sea level ; the other two lines may be called only foot-hills, the most southern and 

 lowest is formed of sandstone, the middle tier is basalt, and I believe the main 

 chain is of basalt also ; the southern Hank I found to be composed of pudding- 

 stone " (p. 17). "Gosse Range is composed entii'ely of red and white sandstone" 

 (p. 19). "Tlie higher mountain beyond (Mount Tate of Wiunecke) was girt 

 around by a solid wall of basalt, fifty or sixty feet in height, from the top of which 

 the summit rose " (p. 22). Sandstones occur at Glen Edith (p. 43) ; the George 

 Gill's Range is composed of enormous mas.ses of red sandstone (p. 58). Mount 

 Olga is formed of several vast and solid rounded blocks of bare red-coloured stone 

 of a kind of conglomerate (p. 95). 



V. — Smyth, R. Bkough, "First Sketch of a Geological Map of Australia," 

 Melbourne, 1875. The James and Gardiner Ranges and the McDonnell Range 

 west of the Finke River are coloui'ed as granite within an area of metamorphic 

 rock, which extends west to Alice Springs. Metamorphic rock in a small area is 

 shown resting on the west bank of the Finke River, extending from Charlotte 

 AVater to the Lilla Creek. The rest of the Larapintine and southward to the 

 Macumba River is represented as Tertiary. 



VI. — Chewings, C, published in 1886 a sketch-plan of the Larapintine area 

 as the outcome of personal survey, on which is represented, by shading, basalt, 

 sandstone, and granite : — " The McDonnell Ranges are composed chiefly of 

 basalt ; though sandstone and granite are plentiful, the basalt formation forms 

 the backbone, frequently rising 2000 odd feet above the plain." [Basalt is 

 indicated as forming tiic higher levels of the escarpment of the George Gill, Levi, 

 and Middle Ranges and elsewhere, tlie rest of the rocky country being represented 

 as composed of sandstone.] 



VII. — Department op Mines, Victoria, " Geological Map of Australia," 

 Melbourne, 1887. — ^The metamorphic area on the west bank of the Finke River, 

 between Charlotte Waters and Lilla Creek, of the former map is herein repre- 

 sented as Lower Paheozoic ; the east side is coloured as Cretaceous, and the area is 



