ranging E.S E. between the Rivers Lune and Wharf e. 15 



rate angle to the summits of Settle Rocks and Giggleswick Scar, but no slate 

 is exposed beneath them. 



A small portion of limestone crosses the stream at Great Stainforth ; but the 

 principal part is on the south side of its eastern branch, and goes on to unite 

 with the northern range in the bare white rocks of Malham Moors. Here 

 then is the termination of this range of slate, which has been shown to extend 

 without any ascertained interruption nearly in a straight course E.S.E. 15 miles 

 beyond the general line of its outbreak. 



The phaE^nomena by which it is accompanied are of a very interesting de- 

 scription. The numerous streams and bold precipices which diversify the 

 country, reveal nearly all the peculiarities of its formation. Those who visit 

 this tract will remark the general fact, that from the first appearance of this 

 slate between two parallel bands of secondary rocks to its final concealment 

 under their reunited surface, the southernmost border is greatly depressed 

 beneath the analogous rocks on the northern side. On further investigation 

 it is discovered, that, wliile the northern carboniferous rocks lie nearly level 

 on their elevated floor of slate, the southern portion declines from these rocks 

 at a high angle ; and in Chapel le Dale and Kingsdale we find this great dip 

 accompanied by a great dislocation and confusion of strata. 



An examination of these points is a clue to the relative positions of the rocks 

 in other situations ; for though, as at Stainforth, other dislocations and unex- 

 pected reverses of declination occur, we are always struck by the evident de- 

 pression of the southern border of the slate. The extent of this depression in 

 Kingsdale certainly exceeds 150 feet, and in Chapel le Dale probably equals 

 400 feet. The appearances at Stainforth indicate about an equal difference 

 of level there, between the northern and southern calcareous boundaries of the 

 slate ; and I think the dislocation still continues to be traceable across the wide 

 surface of Malham Moors in the line of the Tarn. The only greenstone dykes 

 which I remarked in this country are seen in Chapel le Dale, at the place 

 where the dislocation and confusion of strata appear, and their direction is 

 in the line of the fault. 



The lower beds of the northern range of limestone resting on slate are com- 

 monly filled with pebbles of slate and quartz. Generally very large boulders 

 of slate lie at the bottom, and the higher beds contain less and fewer pebbles 

 till the character of conglomerate finally vanishes in common limestone. The 

 pebbly beds may be known at a distance by their horizontal laminas and 

 weather-slits, which contrast decidedly with the vertical fissures of the equal- 

 grained rocks above. 



