12 Mr. Phillips on a Group of Slate Rocks 



above. On the east side also gravel occurs for about the same distance, but 

 the stream setting against this side, has exposed at the foot of the bank for 

 about sixty yards a curious scene of dislocated slate, with two remarkable 

 dykes of greenstone, beyond which the southern range of limestone appears 

 near the water's edge, and is seen on both sides of the valley, dipping to the 

 south at high angles down to the village of Ingleton. 



The slate rocks crossing over toward Clapham Dale are exposed under the 

 limestone scars of Ingleborough, of which the lower beds are so exactly similar 

 to the conglomerate variety noticed in Kingsdale, as to require no additional 

 description. 



The higher range of limestone scars lying on the north of the course of the 

 slate rocks, continues along the breast of Ingleborough, and reaches the sides 

 of Clapham Dale ; but the slate rocks^ and the southern range of limestone, 

 are concealed nearly from Ingleton to Newby by an abundant deposit of di- 

 luvium. 



Claphmii Dale. (See Section D, Plate I.) 



The valley which descends by Clapham originates from the north in a num- 

 ber of dry branches, which expand within the vast surface of bare limestone 

 between Ingleborough and Penygent. These unite into a dry and almost 

 channel-less dale, excavated between cliffs of limestone overgrown with hazel, 

 thorn, sorbus, and ash. Following this for a quarter of a mile, we find a full 

 stream flowing from the right bank out of a broad depressed cavern, with sand 

 and pebbles on its furrowed floor. For a few hundred yards lower, the bed of 

 the stream is filled with large boulders of grit and limestone, but the sides of 

 tiie valley are limestone. The water, afterwards, flows for one-third of a mile 

 over nearly horizontal beds of limestone, which are covered in the contiguous 

 banks by cliffs of the same rock fifty feet high. 



Below this interesting part of the valley the slate rocks appear in the stream 

 for about two hundred yards, with laminge directed to the east, forming little 

 pools and cascades among overgrowing wood. Further on, the beds of lime- 

 stone succeed, having- a dip to the south, and continue to the village of Clap- 

 ham. 



From Clapham Dale the northern limestone resting on slate ranges in high 

 scars round the head of the valley of Wharfe, while the southern portion rises 

 into Clapham-Lodge Hill, and shows its returning edges above Austvvick. 

 Whether the slate rocks are continued superficially across the whole of the 

 intermediate ground from one valley to the other, does not appear very cer- 



