54 Rev. A. Sedgwick on the Geological Relations and 



The other two hills are outliers. One is immediately to the north of the angle formed by two 

 rivulets ; the other is under the village of Great Preston*. 



A fine outlying cap of limestone commences close to the escarpment (near the angle made by 

 the two rivulets which descend from Throstle-nest and Berwick in Elmet), and ranges through 

 the villat^e of Berwick on the east side of Scholes, and from thence to Barnlow. Its eastern 

 boundary is very ill defined. Another small outlying patch appears to the north of Berwick, 

 and on the west of the rivulet which descends from Kidhall. A much more remarkable capping 

 of limestone is found about half a mile north of Seacroft. From the place where it first breaks 

 out, it ranges about three-quarters of a mile towards Redhall ; but it is much disguised with di- 

 luvium; and its greatest breadth does not appear to be more than half a mile. There are no 

 natural features to assist in its delineation : but Pigeon-coat house and Roundhay grange are 

 near its western boundary ; and to the east it is nearly bounded by the occupation road. 



To the south of the great denudation formed by the Wharf, there are three outliers : the 

 first is seen immediately to the north-west of Bardsey church, on the top of the hill between the 

 two roads ; the second is much disguised by accumulations of diluvial gravel, but appears to 

 crown an elevation on the south side of the brook which descends to CoUingham ; the third 

 commences at the hill west of CoUingham, extends about a mile on the Harewood road, crowning 

 the hill on both sides of the road, and then deflects to the south-west, and terminates in the brow 

 above Keswick f. 



Near the banks of the Nid there are also three outliers : — 1 . Some highly inclined beds, appa- 

 rently unconnected with any other mass of limestone, occupy for more than half a mile the right 

 bank of the river near the north end of Bilton Park. 2. On the crown of the high land to the 

 east of the village of Bilton, there is a large unconnected quarry of magnesian limestone ; and a 

 part of the plateau extending from thence into Bilton Park, is occupied by a marly soil, probably 

 derived from the beds immediately inferior to the limestone. 3. A very remarkable outlier 

 appears on the north bank cf the Nid, a little below the place where the road from Harrowgate 

 to Ripley crosses the river. It is brought down into its present position by an enormous dislo- 

 cation ; being surrounded by beds of the inferior formations, some of which are greatly above its 

 present level. The great accumulations of diluvium conceal its extent : but it seems to range 

 towards the village of Nid. 



Lastly, two apparently outlying patches of limestone are seen on the south side of the rivulet 

 which descends from Markington and South Stainley to Copgrove. The first breaks out in a 

 quarry on the crest of the hill a quarter of a mile due south of Stainley Hall. The second extends 

 from the hills immediately south-west of Markington to Markington lime quarries near the Ripon 

 road. This patch is also laid bare at Wallowthwaite and one or two other places ; but it is so much 

 covered with diluvium, that it is impossible to make out its exact extent. It probably stretches 

 in a south-easterly direction from Markington, about three-quarters of a mile. In a transverse 

 direction it is probably not quite so extensive. It is, however, possible that both these patches 

 may, under an enormously thick deposit of gravel, be connected with the main escarpment. (See 

 Plate IV. No. 1.) 



* Smith has placed these outliers considerably too far to the north : the map does not, how- 

 ever, admit of their being correctly delineated. A more correct representation of their position 

 is attempted in the accompanying map. (Plate IV. No. 2.) 



t This outlier is placed by Smith considerably too far to the west, and is in other respects in. 

 accurately delineated. The projecting tongue of limestone at Scarecroft is also represented as an 

 outlier, but I think incorrectly. (See Plate IV. No. 2.) 



