380 Professor Buckland on the Bones of Mastodon, ^c.from Ava. 



because they establish the fact, that at least two species of these gigantic ani- 

 mals were among the antediluvian inhabitants of the southern parts of Asia, 

 and because they add, to the six species of this extinct genus already ascer- 

 tained by Cuvier, two new and strongly characterized species, one of which, 

 from its approximation to the elephant in the structure of the teeth^ Mr. Clift 

 proposes to designate by the name of Mastodon elephantoides : to the other 

 he has given the name of Mastodon latidens*. 



In the collection before us, there must be fragments of at least a dozen 

 skeletons of mastodons, many of them equal in size to the bones of the largest 

 modern elephant, and some exceeding them ; the fragments of femur and 

 tibia engraved in PI, XLI. fig. 1. and 5. equal those of the largest fossil 

 elephant, whilst in another specimen f we have the milk-tooth of a sucking 

 mastodon. In other specimens of the teeth we observe various stages of 

 advancement from youth to extreme age. 



Of the ivory tusks of this animal, there are many small but decided frag- 

 ments, of one of which a section is given at PI. XXXIX. fig. 4. showing the 

 intersecting curved lines, like the engine-turning on a watch, by which the 

 ivory of the elephant's tusk also is characterized. 



Of Ruminantia we have evidence to establish at least three species ; viz. 

 three different-sized condyles of the femur of three full-grown animals |; 

 also teeth of at least two species of ox or deer or antelope §; and fragments 

 of the solid bony base or core of three horns of antelopes || ; and two different 

 tibiae, with two different scapulae of full-grown Ruminantia H. 



The bones of gavial in this collection ** afford, like the hippopotamus, an- 

 other example of the occurrence of fossil animals in a different locality from 

 their recent analogues. Mr. Clift considers this species to resemble the 

 existing gavials of the Ganges ; but the frequent discoveries of fossil gavials 

 in tertiary strata, and even in secondary strata, down to the lias, show, that in 

 an earlier and different state of our planet this genus also has been dispersed 

 abundantly and widely over its surface. 



The specimens of alligators' bones also are scarcely sufficient to allow 

 Mr. Clift to pronounce decisively as to their identity with existing species. 

 From the magnitude of the fragments f f, their size must occasionally have 

 been very great. 



The fossil emys and trionyx of Ava we can scarcely identify, from our im- 



* See Plates XXXVI. XXXVII. XXXVIII. XXXIX. and description by Mr. Clift. 



t Plate XXXIX. fig. 1. 2. 3. | Plate XLI. fig. 27. 28. 29. 



§ Plate XL. fig. 6. 7. 8. || Plate XLI. fig. 21. to 25. 



H Plate XLI. fig. 30. 31. 32. 33. ** See Plate XLIII. ft See Plate XLIII. 



