206 



two or three extra large spines (b). Others were abruptly bent 

 at one, or both ends {c, d). Some had the form of a simple cross 

 (e). Potts (Fresh Water Sponges, PL VIII, fig. VI, Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Phila., 1887) has figured malformations similar to 

 c, rf, and e for Spongilla aspinosa; also (PI. IX, fig. IV) a somewhat 

 similar malformation in Meyenia fluviatilis. 



But these were the simpler malformations. Other malfor- 

 mations such as / and g were present, and on up to actual stellate 

 forms, as shown in j and k. A few were daggerlike, having but one 

 point and a spined, short '^handle" (l). 



The cause of such malformations is not known to the writer. 

 Normal specimens of the same species have been taken within a 

 few feet of the spot where this one was found. 



University of New Hampshire, 

 Durham, N. H. 



