8 iNrUdnrrnoN. 



usually provided with a IcriniMal pair of spurs, and the hind tibiaB 

 witli medial and terminal i>airs ; the tarsi usually, and the tibia) 

 often, are more or less spinous, and the fore tihiie sometimes hear a 

 curved terminal hook ; in the male the mid or hind ti)»i:e often 

 have a scent-brush containe(l in a "^rooNT. 



Kig. y. L<'g!« of Motht. (From rackard'H Oui.lc, p. 231.) 

 1. Fort- h-g. '2. Mi.l l.'K. X lliiul leg. 



C. COMI. 11. VuiiXU'H. 



t. TriM'Imntfr. y>. I'lilvillu^. 



/. Frmur. .*/>. 1. Siui;K« anterior sptir. 



t. Tihi.-i. .f/*. *J. I'ain-it iiu'<h»l itpiini. 



tnr. TnrMisi. >/». .'5. Two ytwr* of po^trrior HpurK. 



The winjis consist of two (losely applied laminie of membrane 

 <()vered with seah's <ir hairs which havt- their bases inserted in a 

 series of pits and overlap one another like tiles. The nninbrane is 

 traversed by a series «»f veins, which are tubular blood-vessols 

 containing:: nerves and traeheie. 



The fore winj: typically has VI veins — the internal nervure with 

 three branches (1 a, /», r), 1 a beinj? short and oft«ii forming a fork 

 at the base of 1 />, and 1 r u>ually obsolete ; the median nervuro 

 with its two branches (12, M); the radial nenurc with three branches 

 (4, 5. <■)); the subcostal nervure with five branches (7, N, 0, In, 11); 

 and the costal nervure (12) *. 



The hind win^' has twelve veins, as in the fore winj^, in the 

 Mlrroptir>ff/id(r and Ih jtialuhi, the extra veins beinj,' numbered 

 7 rt, '>, r, (I : in all the other families ty])ically ei^'ht veins, the 

 difference from the fore winp; consistinj? in the absence of four of 

 the subcostals, but one of them is ])robal)ly represented by the bar 

 between veins 7 and 8 found in the Lymantriadr, ,Sj>hinr/uln\ 

 Enptei'othlo\ etc. + : almost any of the veins may be either aborted 

 or coincident with other veins. Beside the true veins, cross veins 

 between other veins, or veinlets between the costal nervure and 



* The Aiuerican system of nomenclature for tlie median, radial, and subcostal 

 nervures is respectively the cubitus, media, and radius. 



+ In a specimen of the Pyralid subfamily F.pijxi.schiaixp, the bar wliich is 

 present on one side of the insect is represented on the other by a complete 

 extra vein. 



