2 iNrHiiitr( TioN. 



'riii: OviM. 

 The ovum or cj^jg is move or Its^ i;l«»])iilar, usuully with ;i siulp - 

 tiirod surface ; the colour (•]ian<,Hn<; considcrul'ly (hiring' tho i»roc<'«.s 

 of ch'Velo|»m('nl. 'Vhrvr arr two tyju's of (•{;<; lound in tho Lrpi- 

 dopteni*: — (1) Tlu^ upri^Mit ('ltl: with the micropylo at thr toj», 

 found in tlio Stfiilo)nitl<r ,Arifiii</>r, .\,„fni>/<r. Liiinautruuht ^ IhipHidtr^ 

 Xotuiloiifiifo , Cotisiil", (%i!ti,ii<iil<t, and j>rol»a)»ly t]u> small families 

 dcrivi'd froni tliiin, and in tin' /'(fj>i/i>'nts. (IM Tin* Hat «••;;; with tho 

 mii'ro])yh' at oiu" «nd, t<> wln< h irroup all tlio oilier families hrlon;;. 

 The groujis with u|iri<:ht e;:;rs aroe from the ancestral flat-oj^ 

 forms at several ditlermt points, and it will he noticed in tho 

 plivloj^'eny of the taniilies that the only family with npripht ojfffs 

 jdaced as iriviin? ri.se to famili«*s with tlat e;^:;s is the .\ntodoutidir. 

 It is, liowever, from ln(•«sto|•^ i.f the present forms tliat the families 

 wen" derived, and jirohaldy the MttttulontuUf lither still include 

 amon^' their lower form^. or did s«» prior to the origin of the 

 Oifm(ttoj>/ii>,i(f<i and Si,/ilntfiil>f, forms with flat etrj^s that would 

 still come within the definition of the family. 



llli: 1.AKVA. 



The larvie of Lrjtitlnjttrra are essentially j)hytoj>haprous, hut in tho 

 family I'lfrdllilo an Australian (iallerid eats its way into and preys 

 upon the larviv of one of the lar^'e preen 8j)ecies of Ihpinhut, and 

 several species of Phy<ids and Noetuids of the ;;einis L'u/>ltmnia live 

 on Coccids, a Ly(unid on Aphids, and some Tinddir on such suh- 

 stances iis hair and h«)rn. 



Tlie larvic are usually cylindrical and elongate, hut shorter and 

 ])roa(ler in the LtfCimidif\ /tf</(rnidn'^ and Mfjah'jtt/'jidif^ most 

 modified in the Llnmco^lidit. They consist of:— (1; A head fur- 

 nished with strontjly developed mandihles, simjfle eyes, antenmc 

 which are usually rndinwntary hut devidoped in Krioctjihaln, and 

 usually have a spinnerit helow the nnuith, from wliieh silk is 

 produced. (12) Thirteen somiti-^, occasionally rlivifled hy transverse 

 furrows into two to eight annidets : of these, three are thoracic, 

 each hearing a jiair of jointed corneous legs, and the 1st somite 

 a hiteral spiracle, and the other ten ahdominal, the 1st eight with a 

 spiracle, the last two without sjiiracles and almost completely fused, 

 usually scarcely separable in the higher families. Somites f5- 9 and 

 IIJ bear the paired sucker-like pndegs, furnished, except in a few 

 cases, at extremity with minute hooks, which form a comjdete circle 

 in the generalized forms with incomplete pupte, and are jTesent on 

 outer side only in the more 8|>ecialized OhttcUr. In certain families, 

 as in nearly all (humeti-id^f^, many Noctnidif and Soliwr, some of 

 the prolegs are absent ; in the Mefjalojiyfjidip they coexist with a 

 series of sucker-like ])ads on somites /S-lO, whilst in the Limnrodidas 

 they are replaced by sucker-like structures on somites 4-11. ]n 

 the ancestral Enocephala f there are eight pairs of prolegs, and 



* Dr. T. A. D. Chapman, Trans. Ent. Soc. 180«), pp. .567-587. 

 t Id., Trans. Ent. Soc. 1894, p. 335. 



