Bevietvs — G. Lindstrom's Spitzbergen Fossils, 29 



Similarity of Development in Man. We find the greatest analogy 

 — the most striking similarity — between the elementary civilization 

 of savages and the primitive civilization of Prehistoric Times. We 

 may say that throughout, in time as in space, Man has followed the 

 same evolution, on the whole, in his industrial as in his moral deve- 

 lopement. Thus (1) the Law of Human Progress, (2) the Law of 

 Similarity in Development, and (3) the High Antiquity of Man are 

 three facts, clear, precise, and irrefutable, which come out from this 

 study we have made of the Great Exposition. — T. E. J. 



IL — G. Lindstrom's Triassic and Liassic Fossils from 

 Spitzbergen. 

 [Om Trias-soch Juraforsteningen fran Spetbergen af G. Lindstrom. 4to. 1866. From 

 the Transactions of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, vol. vi. no. 6.] 



IN 1837 Professor S. Loven collected in Spitzbergen some fossils 

 different from the palasozoic specimens previously obtained there ; 

 and he recognised that they were allied to, if not identical with, some 

 Jurassic forms from Petschora Land, described by Keyserling, and 

 even in part occurring in the Jurassic beds of Western Europe. 

 Numbers of these Jurassic fossils of the high North were obtained by 

 Professor A. E. Nordenskiold in Prof. Otto Terrell's first expedition to 

 Spitzbergen in 18.58. In the second expedition (1861) Prof. Blom- 

 strand brought home many new Jurassic things, besides other species 

 belonging to a geological period not previously recognized in Spitz- 

 bergen, and which, after careful comparison in several German 

 Museums, Dr. Lindstrom has determined to be Triassic. To these is 

 added the collection made by Prof. Nordenskiold in 1864 on the 

 Isfjord and Storfjord. To describe these fossils is the object of 

 Dr. Lindstrom's memoir. 



I. The Triassic Fossils. — These came for the most part from two 

 points. Cape Thorsden and Sauriehuk, situated inside the Isfjord, on 

 the tongue of land jutting out between the Nordfjord and Klaas- 

 Billen Bay, and termed Midterhuk by Prof. Blomstrand in his geo- 

 logical notes on the voyage to Spitzbergen in 1861 (Transact. Eoy. 

 Acad. Stockholm, vol. iv. no. 6, p. 44). According to him this con- 

 sists chiefly of a black and bituminous shale, here and there alter- 

 nating with layers of harder rock, and overlain by a hard sand- 

 stone. Most of the fossils are from strata at Sauriehuk, which, 

 according to Prof. Nordenskiold's communication, rest on somewhat 

 diff'erent shales at Cape Thorsden. These latter contain only two or 

 three species, the leading form of which (Halobia) is distinct from 

 H. Lommeli, characteristic of the upper beds. Navtilus Nordenskioldii, 

 sp. nov. ; N. trocJileaformis, sp. nov. ; Ceratites Malmgreni, sp. nov. ; 

 C. (?) Blomstrandi, sp. nov. ; C. laqueatus, sp. nov. ; Ammonites Gay- 

 tani (Klipstein), var. (?) ; Fosidonia ; Halobia Lommeli, Wissmann ; 

 H. Zitteli, sp. nov. ; Monotis, sp. indet. ; M. filigera, n. sp. ; Fecien, 

 sp. indet. ; Lingula, sp. indet. ; Encrinus, sp. indet. (near E. granulosus, 

 Miinster). Some obscure fragments of other fossils occur, comprising 

 some small black seed-like bodies. 



