168 De Ranee — On the Alhian, or Gault of Folkestone. 



above is a seam of hard rag containing stems of Pentacrinus Fittoni. 

 Another bed of rag, physically dividing this zone from zone ii. ; im- 

 mediately under the rag is a seam of very large specimens of Am. 

 cristatus. 



Zone of Am. circularis and Kingcena lima. Bed ii. In colour a 

 pale cold grey, poor in organic remains, but containing several 

 seams of phosphatic nodules mixed with fossils ; these nodules 

 appear to be the principal cause of the preservation of as many as 

 fifteen peculiar species of fossils. Before describing the position of 

 these, the following is a key to the beds before named, exposed 

 on the beach ; the measurements give the width of outcrop of each 

 zone, along a line at right angles to the coast from the cliff to a large 

 chalk rock marked by the writer with a broad arrow. 





FT. 



IN. 



I... 



.. 56 



10 



II.... 



.. 81 



7 



III.... 



.. 11 



5 



IV... 



.. 8 



4 



v.... 



.. 23 







VI.... 



.. 3 







VIL... 



.. 10 



10 1 



Zone 1 56 10 Fault. 



Zone TI 87 



Ill 8 6 



Fault. 



Zone V 8 1 



Fault. 

 Zone VII 2 



Fault. 

 Zone V. 20 



Fault, 



Zone VIII 35 



Sand, covering 

 Albian 90 



The first seam of phosphate in zone iv, occurs at 5 ft. 6 in. above 

 zone III. in the patch on the beach ; it is there 4 in. thick, and contains 

 Inc. concentricus and vertebrae ; the second, a foot thick, occurs at 

 4ft. 9 in. above the last, and contains Terelratula liplicata^ Nucula 

 ovata, Am. cristatus, Hylodus, Lamna suhulata, vertebrse. Samites at- 

 tenuatus, Pentacrinus Fittoni, Nucula livirgata, and Pecten asper. About 

 the middle of this zone there is a very dark band, well seen at the 

 foot of the cliff section, a little west of the Preventive Station and 

 east of the great patch on the beach, which contains no less than 

 five seams of phosphate nodules in about as many feet ; these consti- 

 tute the horizon of Belemnites {minimus) ultimus and Samites armatus, 

 they also contain Am. cristatus and Am. varicosus. 



Zone of Am. GoodhalUi, and Am. rosiratus. Bed. i. — This zone is 

 traversed by a system of joints, with smooth surfaces which are 

 coated with a film of oxide of iron, or " dark partings." These 

 smooth surfaces slipping against each other, partl}^ contribute to the 

 faulted and folded state of the beds beneath ; the whole base of the 

 cliff, a little west of the Preventive Station, sometimes moving a foot 

 in a week, the upper bed folding over, and reaching more seaward 

 than the lower beds. In connection with the unstable state of the 

 undercliff in the bay, it may be mentioned that the whole surface of 

 the land between Martello Tower 3 and the Tramroad, is slowly 

 sinking, and in the line of greatest depression, according to the 

 Coastguard men, at the rate of a foot in a year. Zone i. is divided into 

 two ]oortions by the occurrence of a bed of dark green sand, contain- 

 ing four seams of shining phosphatic nodules. It contains Am, 

 GoodhalUi, Icthyosaurus campylodon, Pecten orbicularis, Belemnites ulti- 



and Roux, pi. 42, fid, exists in this scam, two specimens being found, half of the 

 shell resembling mkatus and half like concentricus. — C. E. E. 



