Reviews — Gervais on the Cave-Fauna, 229 



tific men to suspect the co-existence of man with the larger, and long 

 since extinct, Mammalia of the Pleistocene epoch. 



In the first chapter, M. Gervais discusses the value of the different 

 proofs of the existence of prehistoric man in Western Europe, e.g. 

 fossil human bones, flint and bone implements, many of the latter 

 being made of the bones of extinct animals, that had evidently been 

 cut when in a fresh state, and on some of which were drawings of 

 the Mammoth, Keindeer, and other animals long since extinct, or 

 which had migrated from these regions in prehistoric times, and 

 whose remains are found associated in the Quaternary deposits and 

 caves of France and England, etc. 



Next comes an account of the " Palafittes " or Swiss lake-habi- 

 tations, the newest of which, our author thinks, approach very near 

 to historic times, and do not date back more than 2000 years (just 

 at the commencement of the Bronze Age), the earlier ones, how- 

 ever, belonging to the Stone Age. 



In talking of the Bronze Age, a curious mistake occurs, for M. 

 Gervais says the Phenicians came as far as Scotland to seek one of 

 the elements of this alloy, which surely must be a misprint for 

 Cornwall (Part 2, p. 29). 



Full descriptions of the implements and human animal remains, 

 as well as a long list of the plants found in the Lake -habitations, are 

 given. 



The second chapter is on the deposits of the Quaternary Period, 

 and their division into four epochs, in all of which flint implements 

 are found, but which are palseontologically distinguishable by means 

 of the animal remains occurring in them. 



1st. The Epoch of Elephas meridionalis, which he considers indis- 

 putable since the discovery of worked flint at St. Prest. E. meri- 

 dionalis is considered in England to characterize an epoch antecedent 

 to man's appearance in Western Europe. If found with human im- 

 plements at St. Prest, we may yet hear of the discovery of flint 

 implements in the Norfolk Forest bed. M. Gervais admits that it 

 is difficult to separate this period from the 



2nd, The Epoch of Elephas primigenius ; having the Mammoth for 

 its principal species, also the Great Bear, the Hyaena, and the Cave 

 Lion, etc. 



3rd. The Epoch of the Domestic Beindeer. 



4th. The Epoch of tJie Lake-dwellings. 



Then follow descriptions of the Osseous Breccia of Montpellier, etc. 



Chapter III. contains minute descriptions of caverns which M. 

 Gervais has himself explored. They are mostly situated near the 

 centre of France and in Lower Languedoc. He commences with 

 Eoca-Blanca, near Cabrieres, Herault, one of the most modern. 

 Here several human skeletons have been found ; the skulls are of 

 the hr achy cephalic type, and associated with them are bones of sheep, 

 pigs, rabbits, and a small race of oxen. 



2nd. Cavern of Baillargues, near Castries (Herault). 



3rd. Pontil, near St. Pons (Herault), in which were found, along 

 with a human frontal bone, a canine tooth of TJrsus arctos split 



