Wood and Harmer — Geology of Norfolk and Suffolk. 453 



Weyboume, with their associated sandy clays of freshwater origin, 

 (being the oldest beds exposed along that coast, and having been 

 partially destroyed by the denudation of the sea depositing the so- 

 called Crag containing Tellina solidula), represent a land surface of 

 some period anterior to this so-called Crag. That as this period 

 extends from the close of the true Crag series downwards, such land 

 surface may be either contemporaneous with the true Crag series 

 (which has no place on the northern coast of Norfolk), or may be 

 of a period intervening between the close of that series and the 

 actual submergence of northern Norfolk, which was accompanied 

 by the introduction of Tellina solidula, and the accumulation of 

 the Weybourne sand, or so-called " Crag " of the Cromer coast.^ 



That the Mammalian teeth and jaw fragments of terrestrial Mam- 

 malia (generally more or less rolled), obtained as yet from the 

 riuvio- marine Crag and Chillesford beds, do not represent the Mam- 

 malian fauna of the deposit in which they occur, but are derivative 

 from some older bed. 



That, contrary to the views of the Eev. John Gunn and others, 

 who discover an Upper and Lower Boulder-clay in the cliffs between 

 Weybourne and Eccles, and identify the former with the great 

 Boulder-clay formation of the East of England, the authors regard 

 everything in those cliffs as inferior, not only to the great Boulder- 

 clay, but also to the extensive sands and gravels termed by them 

 Middle Glacial ; these sands and gravels (which underlie a large part 

 of the great Boulder-clay in the counties of Norfolk, Suffolk, Essex, 

 Hertford, Buckingham, and Leicester,) only capping with their base 

 the cliffs in places, but in greater mass forming the sand hills, which 

 immediately inland occupy higher ground than the top of the cliffs, 

 and are spread extensively over northern Norfolk. 



That all the beds of the cliff-section between Eccles and Wey- 

 bourne (except the patches of the base of the Middle Glacial sands, 

 which in places cap it,) form a series of themselves which they term 

 the Lower Glacial, and are throughout characterised by the presence 

 of Tellina solidula. These are divisible into the following, which are 

 given in the ascending order. 



A. — The Weybourne Sand, the base of which, when resting on the 

 Chalk, is often occupied by an accumulation of shell-patches known 

 to collectors as "The Norwich Crag" of the coast. This sand be- 

 comes, east of Cromer, charged with lignite, and often laminated 

 with bands of lignitiferous clay, in which condition it constitutes 

 the ''laminated series" of the Eev. John Gunn. In that condition 

 it is unfossiliferous, the lignite intermixture apparently rendering 

 it unsuited for moUuscan life, of which the remains are usually 



' The authors would observe that the position of the bed yielding wood and Mam- 

 malian remains beneath the Middle Glacial sands at Kessingland Cliff in Suffolk, 

 seems, from its position relatively to the Chillesford Clay, two miles distant, to be 

 clearly subsequent to the close of the Crag series ; but whether this bed be syn- 

 chronous with the whole of the Forest and freshwater deposits of the Cromer coast, 

 or whether the latter may not represent a much longer duration of land surface — a 

 duration embracing the period of the Kessingland bed, but reaching back into the 

 Crag period — must be determined by the palseontological evidence only. 



