58 Mr. N. J. Winch on the Geology of 



in Kearsdale, the country begins to assume a more majestic form, 

 and rising into a mountain range it constitutes the central ridge that 

 traverses the island. Cross Fell, situated near the junction of the 

 five northern counties, may be considered as the summit of the 

 whole chain. Its latitude is 54° 42' .05" north, and its distance 

 from the eastern coast 55 miles. Its height is 2901 feet, and it is 

 therefore one of the highest mountains in England, j" 



The strata in the southern and mountainous part of this district 

 dip on an average 2° 15', or 1 yard in 27 to the east 35° south, so 

 that on crossing the range from east to west they will be seen 

 cropping out one after the other, and forming parallel ridges ex- 

 tending from the south-west to the north-east. In this part of the 

 mining field considerable uniformity may be observed amongst the 

 sills. Thus the sections at Allenheads, Coal cleugh, Aldstone moor, 

 and in Weardale, are allied to those above Blanchland on the 

 Derwent, and agree very closely with one another : if therefore 

 those of Hely field, Aldstone moor, Dufton Fell, and its sequel, be 

 taken in succession, they will give no very inaccurate representation 

 of the prevailing series of beds in this part of the district, and the 

 total thickness of these beds thus obtained will be 2717 feet. In 

 the less elevated tracts of Northumberland this uniformity is no 

 longer preserved, and it is only a very general resemblance that 

 the measures then bear to those of the south. On the banks of the 

 Tweed the disagreement becomes more evident, so that it may 

 even be doubted whether the rocks of that valley are correctly 

 placed among the lead mine measures. 



+ Height of Cross Fell by geometric measurement 2901 feet 



Helvellin 3055 



Skiddaw 3022 



Saddleback 2787 



