106 The Rev. W. Buckland on a Group of Rocks 



The west and south-west boundary of this plain are the slaty 

 mountains of Cumberland winding from Ravenstone dale to near 

 Hesket, Newmarket, Ireby and Cockermouth ; a belt of entrochal 

 or mountain limestone covered by a concentric belt of coal measures 

 separates the red sandstone from the slaty rocks just mentioned. 



The same plain is bounded on the east by an almost precipitous 

 escarpment, extending north and south from near Brough by Dufton 

 Fell and Cross Fell to Croglin, Castle Carrick, and the hills south-east 

 of Brampton. The elevation of great part of this escarpment is 

 considerable, varying from 1000 to 2000 feet ; Cross Fell, its highest 

 point, is 2901 feet. It displays the outcrop, and is chiefly composed 

 of the lower members of the great series of strata described by Mr. 

 Winch as occurring between Newcastle and the base of Cross Fell. 



The regular structure of the plain of sandstone at the base of this 

 escarpment is interrupted near Appleby by projecting masses of 

 slate and greenstone, attended by some* broken strata of lime and 

 coal measures, which it will be the object of this paper to describe. 



These rocks (as may be seen by reference to the annexed map)* 

 form an insulated group extending nearly north and south along 

 the base of the escarpment of the great limestone series of Cross 

 Fell, and of which the lowest stratum is stated by Mr. Winch to 

 be incumbent on the old red sandstone (Geol. Trans, vol. iv.) 

 This old red sandstone, which it is of the highest importance to 

 distinguish from that more recent red sandstone which forms the 

 plain of Appleby and Carlisle, appears here in its common form 

 of a coarse puddingstone, and may be traced along the scar in the 

 place thus assigned to it from Melmerby to a spot called Highcup 

 near Murton. 



Coextensive with this conglomerate is a subjacent mass of slate 

 which forms a kind of broken under-terrace at the base of the great 



* Plate 5. 



