in Cumberland and Westmoreland. 1 09 



pallet, a hillock one quarter of a mile east of Gale Hall, and between 

 one and two miles south-east of Melmerby. The slate is cut by a 

 broad dyke, of which the direction is nearly east and west, and its 

 breadth about 25 feet. The substance of this dyke is composed of 

 reddish compact felspar mixed with talc, and the latter becomes 

 more bright and distinctly visible where the rock has undergone 

 decomposition. 



Under the south base of Knock pike close to the Swinedale Beck 

 is a small portion of rock composed chiefly of dark mica, occasion- 

 ally interspersed with small crystals of felspar, disseminated uniformly 

 through the mica. On this lies a mass of highly compact whitish 

 felspar and coarse greenstone. 



On the summit of this Pike, which is nearly conical, and steep on 

 all sides, is an outlying hummock of coarse grained sandstone, 

 agreeing in substance with one of the lowest strata in the neigh- 

 bouring escarpment, and more recent than the old conglomerate. 

 Whether this latter rock, or any traces of slate, are interposed 

 between the summit of the pike and greenstone of its base, we had 

 no opportunity to ascertain. I have specimens of the grit taken 

 from the summit. 



At the west root of Dufton pike, in a field called Banky Close, 

 and surrounded on all sides by greenstone, is a species of granite 

 that is extracted to build field walls. It consists of bright salmon 

 coloured felspar, in which are disseminated at very irregular inter- 

 vals plates of bright silver coloured mica, varying in diameter from 

 an inch to a line, and interspersed with a few small specks of quartz. 

 This granite was so covered as to be visible only at a small ridge 

 where the quarry was wrought. It might either be the projecting 

 crest of a subjacent fundamental mass, or it may be a dyke cutting 

 through the greenstone. In the quarry it is 15 yards broad, and 



