in Cumberland and Westmoreland. Ill 



to have been derived from a subjacent rock of mica connected with 

 the granite. 



Having described as far as I know the extent of the slate and 

 greenstone, with the subordinate rocks and dykes that accompany 

 them, I will now consider the strata by which they are encircled, 

 and which on the east side are widely different from those on the 

 west. 



On the east side beneath the outcrop of the great limestone series 

 of Cross Fell, (of which Mr. Winch gives the thickness at 450 

 fathoms,) the old red sandstone, in the form of a conglomerate, is 

 regularly interposed between the lowest stratum of the above 

 series and the slate, with no appearance of any great derangement. 

 But on the west side of the line of greenstone there are evidences 

 cf disturbance, on a scale of considerable magnitude. 



There is not a trace of those beds that are so regular on the east 

 side, and appear there in such enormous thickness, and except in a 

 few spots which will immediately be described, the red sandstone 

 of the plain of Carlisle abuts abruptly against the greenstone and 

 slate,* as it does also against the truncated extremities of the lower 

 strata of the great limestone seriesf along the base of their 

 escarpment on the north of Melmerby towards Brampton, and on 

 the south of Murton towards Brough, beyond the north and south 

 terminations of the slate and greenstone that have been described. 



The village of Melmerby stands upon this red sandstone ; a small 

 stream that runs down to it (called Melmerby Beck), from the base 

 of the great escarpment of the scar, has its course for three quarters 

 of a mile above the village in the red sandstone, which here also 



* See Section No. l ; Plate .5, letters A. B, C. + Ibid, letters C. D. E^ 



