in Cumberland and Westmoreland. 113 



in great quantity, as from the shattered condition of the strata, the 

 coal is soon lost without a clue to lead to its recovery. It has no 

 regular roof or floor, but is rather inclosed by broken side-walls, 

 and sometimes is found lodged in confused nests and heaps : it is 

 now seldom wrought.* 



The edges of these highly inclined and broken strata may be 

 traced by a very low scar,f or kind of escarpment slightly risin'g 

 towards the east and running parallel to, and along the base of the 

 greenstone hills from Melmerby towards Kirkland. . , . 



The limestone accompanying these coal measures is but in/thiri 

 beds, and equally dislocated and shattered, so that no order of super- 

 position can distinctly be made out, I saw it at one place nearly 

 vertical, its dip being to the west; it was on the north side of the 

 Ardale water, as marked in the map ; it lay between two beds of 

 sandstone that had the appearance of coal grits, and within a few 

 yards of the slate and greenstone which are here confusedly mixed 

 together. The lowest grit bed touched the slate. 



Vertical coal measures are seen touching the greenstone at a 

 section in Ousby Beck at the corner of the highest inclosures in 

 ascending the stream from the village of Ousby. 



The following are localities where coal has been dug within the 

 limits above, mentioned. 



Melmerby Lane Head, Hag Gate, Gale Hall, and Ousby Town 

 Head, &c. 



Limestone is dug near Hag Gate, Gale Hall, and Ardale water, &e; 



* Similar cases of beds of coal hecoming vertical by dislocation will be recognized in 

 the perpendicular bed of coal described by Mr. Bakewell at Bradford near Manchester, 

 (Geol. Trans, vol. ii. p. 283,) and iii the Mendip collieries near Mells, where a bed of 

 coal is said to be bent backwards to the shape of the letter Z. I have this fact on good 

 authority but have not seen it. 



+ See Section, Plate 5, No. 2, letter A. 



Vol. iv. p 



