)14 The Rev. W. Buckland on a Group of Rocks 



These limestone and coal measures occupy no great breadth, and run 

 north and south in a line nearly parallel to the ranges of greenstone 

 and slate, being generally in contact with the former of these sub- 

 stances. Their extent longitudinally is from Melmerby Lane End 

 to the Ardale water. From the latter stream southwards to the 

 village of Murton, the red sandstone abuts for the most part against 

 the greenstone. One exception occurs at Keisley about one mile 

 south-east of Dufton, in the direction of Murton pike, where there 

 is an insulated mass of stratified entrochal limestone several fathoms 

 in thickness, and occupying superficially a little more than an acre 

 of ground. It is inclined to the west at an angle of about 80°, and 

 covers like a shield the abrupt end of a hill of greenstone, known 

 by the name of Keisley pike, but insignificant in comparison with 

 the three great pikes before described. 



This limestone seems to bear the same relation to the greenstone 

 as did the shattered coal measures and limestone before mentioned 

 near Melmerby. It dips so rapidly that it disappears immediately 

 at the base of the hill towards Appleby, and is at once lost under 

 the red sandstone.* 



We did not examine the base of the continuation of the great 

 escarpment from Murton pike southwards towards Brough, but 

 the concurrent testimony of many experienced miners leaves no 

 doubt that the slate terminates a little south of Murton pike, and 

 the red sandstone of the plain closes up against the escarpment from 

 thence to the town of Brough. 



It was stated at the beginning of this paper, that it is of the 

 highest importance to distinguish this more recent sandstone of the 

 plain of Carlisle from the old red sandstone or conglomerate that 

 divides the great limestone series of Cross Fell from the slate. 



* See Section, Plate 5, No. 3. 



