March 2, 1883,] s (Hale, 
PROCEEDINGS 
OF THE 
AMERICAN. PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY. 
TULD AT PHILADELPHIA, FOR PROMOTING USERUL KNOWLEDGE. 
1883, No. 114. 
VOL. XXI. 
THE TUTELO TRIBE AND LANGUAGE. 
By Horarro Haz. 
(Read before the American Philosophical Society, March 2, 1888.) 
‘ 
The'tribes of the Dakota stock, under various designations—Osages, 
Quappas, Kansas, Otoes, Omahas, Minitarees (or Hidatsas), Iowas, Man- 
dans, Sioux (or Dakotas proper) and Assiniboins, have always been regarded 
as a people of the western prairies, whose proper home was the vast region 
lying west of the Mississippi, and stretching from the Arkansas River on 
the south tothe Saskatchawan onthe north. A single tribe, the Winnebagoes, 
who dwelt east of the Mississippi, near the western shore of Lake Michi- 
gan, were deemed to be intruders into the territory of the Algonkin nations, 
The fact, which has been recently ascertained, that several tribes speaking 
languages of the Dakota stock were found by the earliest explorers occu- 
pying the country east of the Alleghenies, along a line extending through 
the southern part of Virginia and the northern portion of North Carolina, 
nearly to the Atlantic ocean, has naturally awakened much interest. This 
interest will be heightened if i¢ shall appear that not only must our ethno- 
graphical maps of North America be modified, but that anew element has 
been introduced into the theory of Indian migrations. Careful researches 
seem to show that while the language of these eastern tribes is closely 
allied to that of the western Dakotas, it bears evidence of being older 
in form. If this Conclusion shall be verified, the supposition, which at first 
was natural, that these eastern tribes were merely offshoots of the Dakota 
‘stock, must be deemed at least improbable. The course of migration may 
be found to have followed the contrary direction, and the western Dakotas, 
like the western Algonkins, may find their parent stock in the east. As: 
a means of solving this interesting problem, the study of the history and 
language of a tribe now virtually extinct assumes a peculiar scientific value. 
Philologists will notice, also, that in this study there is presented to them 
a remarkable instance of an inflected language closely allied im its vocabu- 
PROO. AMER, PHILOS. 800, XxI. 114. A, PRINTED MARCH 26, 1883. 
