Hale.] 2 [March 2, 
lary and in many of its forms to dialects which are mainly agglutinative 
in their structure, and bear but slight traces of inflection. 
In the year 1671 an exploring party under Captain Batt, leaving ‘the 
Apomatock Town,’’ on the James River, penetrated into the mountains 
of Western Virginia, at a distance, by the route they traveled, of two hun- 
dred and fifty miles from their starting point. At this point they found 
“the Tolera Town in a very rich swamp between a breach [branch] and 
the main river of the Roanoke, circled about by mountains.’’* There are 
many errata in the printed narrative, and the circumstances leave no 
doubt that ‘Tolera’’ should be ‘ Totera.’’? On their way to this town the 
party had passed the Sapong [Sapony] town, which, according to the 
journal, was about one hundred and fifty miles west of the Apomatock 
Town, and about a hundred miles east of the ‘Toleras.’? A few years 
later we shall find these tribes in closer vicinity and connection. 
At this period the Five Nations were at the height of their power, and in 
the full flush of that career of conquest which extended their empire from 
the Georgian Bay on the north to the Roanoke River on the south. They 
had destroyed the Hurons and the Eries, had crushed the Andastes (or 
Conestoga Indians), had reduced the Delawares to subjection, and were 
now brought into direct collision with the tribes of Virginia and the Caro. 
linas. The Toteras (whom we shall henceforth know as the Tuteloes) 
began to feel their power. In 1636 the French missionaries had occasion 
to record a projected expedition of the Senecas against a people designated 
in the printed letter the ‘Tolere,’’—-the same misprint occurring once 
more in the same publication.| The traditions of the Tuteloes record long 
continued and destructive wars waged against them and their allies by 
the Iroquois, and more especially by the two western nations, the Cayu- 
gas and Senecas. To escape the incursions of their numerous and relent- 
less enemies, they retreated further to the south and east. Here they 
came under the observation of a skilled explorer, John Lawson, the Sur- 
veyor-General of South Carolina, In 1701, Lawson traveled from Char- 
leston, 8. O., to Pamlicosound. In this journey he left the sea-coast at the 
mouth of the Santee river, and pursued a northward course into the hilly 
country, whence he turned eastward to Pamlico. At the Sapona river, 
which was the west branch of the Cape Fear or Clarendon river, he came 
to the Sapona town, where he was well received.{ He there heard of the 
Toteros as ‘‘a neighboring nation ’’ in the ‘‘ western mountains.” ‘At 
that time,’’ he adds, ‘‘these Toteros, Saponas, and the Keyawees, three 
small nations, were going to live together, by which they thought they 
should strengthen themselves and become formidable to their enemies.’’ 
*Batt’s Journal and Relation of a New Discovery, in N. Y. Mist. Col, Vol, ili, 
p, 191. 
+Lambreville to Bruyas, Novy, 4, 1686, in N, Y. Mist. Col., Vol, ili, p. 484. 
{ Gallatin suggests that Lawson was here in error, and that the Sapona river 
was a branch of the Great Pedee, which he does not mention, and some branches 
which he evidently mistook for tributaries of the Cape Fear river,—Synopsis of 
the Indian Tribes, p. 85, 
