a 
bed 
1883,] v [{Hale. 
totally dissimilar. These were, on the one hand, the Tuteloes (or Tote- 
roes) and their allies, and, on the other, the powerful Catawba nation. 
The Catawbas occupied the eastern portion of the Carolinas, south of the 
Tuscarora nation. At the beginning of the last century they numbered 
several thousand souls. As late as 1748, according to Adair, they could 
still muster four hundred warriors. A bitter animosity existed between 
them and the Iroquois, leading to frequent hostilities, which the English 
authorities at this conference sought to repress. It was the policy of the 
Troquois, from ancient times, always to yield to overtures of peace from 
any Indian nation. On this occasion they responded in their usual spirit. 
“Though there is among you,’’ they replied to the Virginians, ‘‘a nation, 
the Todirichrones, against whom we have had so inveterate an enmity 
that we thought it could only be extinguished by their total extirpation, 
yet, since you desire it, we are willing to receive them into this peace, and 
to forget all the past.’’* 
The Catawba language isa peculiar speech, differing widely, if not radi- 
cally, both from the Dakota and from the Iroquois languages.} The only 
connection between the Catawbas and the Tuteloes appears to have arisen 
from the fact that they were neighboring, and perhaps politically allied 
tribes, and were alike engaged in hostilities with the Iroquois. The 
Jatter, however, seem to have confounded them all together, under the 
name of the tribe which lay nearest to the confederacy and was the best 
known to them. 
One result of the peace thus established was that the Tuteloes and 
Saponas, after a time, determined to follow the course which had been 
taken by the major portion of their Tuscarora friends, and place them- 
selves directly under the protection of the Six Nations. Moving north- 
ward across Virginia, they established themselves at Shamokin (since 
named Sunbury) in what is now the centre of Pennsylvania. It was a 
region which the Iroquois held by right of conquest, its former occupants, 
the Delawares and Shawanese, having been either expelled or reduced to 
subjection, Here, under the shadow of the great confederacy, many frag- 
*N, Y. Hist. Col., Vol. v, p. 660, 
+ Gallatin, in his Synopsis classes the Catawba as a separate stock, distinct 
from the Dakota, The vocabulary which he gives seems to warrant this sepa- 
ration, the resemblances of words being few and of a doubtful character, On 
the other hand,in the first annual report of the Bureau of Ethnology connected 
with the Smithsonian Institution (Introduction, p. xix) the KatAba (or Catawba) 
is ranked among the languages of the Dakotan family. My esteemed corre- 
spondent, Mr, A. 5. Gatschet, whose extensive acquaintance with Indian linguist- 
ies gives great weight to hisopinion on any subject connected with this study, 
informs me (March 31, 1882) that this classification was conjectural and provi- 
sional, and that his subsequent researches among the few survivors of the tribe 
have not yet resultedin confirming it, They show certain traces of resemblance, 
poth in the vocabulary and the syntax, but too slight and distant to make the 
affiliation certain, We shall have, as he remarks, “to compare more material, 
or move attentively that which we have, to arrive at a final result.” 
