») 
Hale.) 22 [March 2, 
“self,” for which meaning the Dakota employs the separate pronouns 
already given, while the Hidatsa has a special form ; thus : 
Tutelo, Dakota, Tlidatsa, 
misél Or Misdnt miye (mic) might T myself (or I alone) 
yisat, or yesand niye (nie) night thou 
Csi, Isai or isan dye (ie) ight he 
maesii or maesant urkiye (uikig)  midokt we 
The Dakota unikiye is said to be properly a dual form. The Tutelo appa- 
rently, like the Hidatsa, has no dual. 
The affixed or incorporated pronouns have in the Tutelo, as in the 
Dakota and Hidatsa, two forms, nominative and objective, These forms 
in the three languages are very similar : 
Tutelo, Dakota, Hidatsa, 
Nominative, 
ma, wa Wi, We mo I 
ya, Ye ya, ye da (na) thou 
mae, mai, wae, wat, man, mark, un we 
Objective. 
mt, we ma, me mi me 
yt, hi nb di (nt) thee 
é, ev, @ a him 
mae, mat, wae, wat un us 
The objective forms are also used in all these languages as possessive 
pronouns, and they are affixed as nominatives to neuter oradjective verbs, 
in the first and second persons. The third personal pronoun is not ex- 
pressed in the verb, at least in the singular number. In the plural the 
Tutelo indicates this pronoun by an inflection, both in the nominative and 
the objective. Thus huhéwa, he says, hahéhla, they say ; minéwa, I see 
him, minéhla, I see them. 
The Hidatsa makes no distinction between the singular and the plural 
of the possessive pronouns. JM signifies both my and our, di, they and 
your, and 4, his and their. The Dakota distinguishes the plural by adding 
the particle pz to the noun. The Tutelo adds put to the noun in the 
second person, and sometimes Jed or kai to the third, With nouns signify- 
ing relationship, the Dakota indicates the possessive pronoun of the third 
person by adding ku to the noun, The Tutelo sometimes adds ha or kai not 
only in this person, but in the firstand third persons, as shown in the fol- 
lowing example : 
Dakota, Tutelo, 
sunka sintha younger brother 
misunka wisinth my bh y 
yisunka yisiinth thy sf nf 
sunkaku esiintha or estinthat his n if 
unkisurkape maisuinthat our i re 
nisunkape yisiinthaput your Ay {7 
ee ee 
sunkape cistinthar their 
