9 
Hale.] ; 28 [March 2, 
“thou wilt love,’’ of which dakidécidiha is the plural, ‘‘ye will love.’’ In 
this language there is no mark of any kind, even by affixed particles, to 
distinguish the present tense from the past, nor even, in the third person, 
to distinguish the future from the other tenses. Aidé¢i signifies he loves, he 
loved, and he willlove. The Dakota is a little better furnished in this 
way. The plural is distinguished from the singular by the addition of the 
particle pz, and in the first person by prefixing the pronoun wi, they, in 
lieu of wa or we, {. Thus kagkd, he binds, becomes hagkdpi, they bind. 
Wakagka, 1 bind, becomes ufikaghapi, we bind. No distinction is made 
between the present and the past tense. Kagké is both he binds and he 
bound. The particle kta, which is not printed and apparently not pro- 
nounced as an affix, indicates the future. It sometimes produces ¢ slight 
euphonie change in the final vowel of the verb. Thus kdckhe kta, he will 
bind, kagkdpi kta, they will bind. All other distinctions of number and 
tense are indicated in these two languages by adverbs, or by the general 
context of the sentence. 
In lieu of these scant and imperfect modes of expression, the Tutelo 
gives us a surprising wealth of verbal forms. The distinction of singular 
and plural is clearly shown in all the persons, thus: 
opéwa, he goes opehéhla, they go 
oyapéwa, thou goest oyapepua, Ye go 
owapéewa, I go maopewa, We Zo 
Of tenses there are many forms. The termination in da appears to be 
ofan aorist, or rather of an indefinite sense. Opéwa (from opa, to go) may 
signify both he goes and he went. A distinctive present is indicated by 
the termination oma; a distinctive past by oka; and a future by ta or ata. 
Thus from x/é, to kill, we have waktéwa, I kill him, or killed him, wak- 
teoma; Tam killing him, and waktéeta, I will kill him. So ohdta, he sees 
it, becomes ohatioka, he saw it formerly, and ohatéta, he will see it. Opéewa, 
he goes (or went), becomes opéta, he will go, inflected as follows: 
opeta, he will go opehéhia, they will go 
oyapeta, thou wilt go oyapéltepa, ye will go . 
owapeta, IT will go maopeta, we will go 
The inflections for person and number in the distinctively present tense, 
ending in oma, are shown in the following example : 
waginoma, he is sick wagindnhna, they are sick 
wayinginoma, thou art sick wayinyindmpo, ye are sick 
wameginoma, I am sick min ywaginoma, We are sick 
Ohata, he sees it, is thus varied : 
ohata, he sees it ohatéhla, they see it 
oyahata, thou seest it oyahatbua, ye see it 
owahata, I see it maohata, we see it 
