‘ 
Hale.] 34 * [March 2, 
present tense we have ease, he is good ; ebilése, they are good; and in the 
preterit, ebikoa, he was good, 
Adwerbs. 
In many cases, as has been already shown, the English adverb is indi- 
cated in the Tutelo by a modification of the verb. The negative adverb, 
for example, is usually expressed in this manner, as indikseha, he is laugh- 
ing, kitksehna, he is not laughing ; migitowe, it is mine, kimigitonan, it is 
not mine. 
Sometimes the meaning which in English would be expressed by an 
adverb accompanying a verb, is expressed in Tutelo by two verbs. Thus 
we have thoha, she is sewing, apparently from a root tho or yeoho, to sew ; 
and koispéwa yeho, she is sewing well, 7. ¢., she is careful in sewing (lit., 
she thinks, or remembers, in sewing) ; Kebina yeho, she is sewing badly, 
j. e. she does not wellin sewing (or is not good at sewing). Here kebina is 
the negative form of diwa, he (or she) is good. 
Prepositions. 
Many phrases were obtained witha view of ascertaining the prepositions 
of the Tutelo, but without success. Sometimes an expression which in 
English requires a preposition would in the Tutelo appear as a distinct 
word. Thus, while adi signifies a house, tokai was given as equivalent to 
‘in the house.’? It may perhaps simply mean ‘‘at home.’’ Prairie is 
lutahkot, but onii signifies ‘‘at the prairie.” 
Other examples would seem to show that the prepositions in the Tutelo, 
as in the Hidatsa, and to a large extent in the Dakota, are incorporated 
with the verb. Thus /ahhat signifies ‘‘woods,’’ and tahhai aginese, he is in 
the woods. So sid, hill, and sai aginése, he is on the hill. The phrase 
‘‘Tam going to the house’’ was rendered wiléta dati, and the phrase ‘‘T 
am coming.from the house,”’ by wakleta tats. The practice of combining 
the preposition with the verb is very common in the Indian languages, 
which merely carry toa greater extent a familiar usage of the Aryan speech. 
The expressions, to ascend or descend a hill, to circumnavigate a lake, to 
overhang a fence, to undermine a wall, are examples of an idiom so pre- 
valentin the Indian tongues as to supersede not merely the cases of nouns, 
but to a large extent the separable prepositions. 
Oonjunctions. 
In the Tutelo, conjunctions appear to be less frequently used than in 
English. An elliptical form of speech is employed, but with no loss of 
clearness. The phrase “when I came, he was asleep,”’ is expressed briefly 
wihiok, hiaika, I came, he was asleep. So, ‘‘I called the dog, but he did 
not come,’’ becomes wagelakiok tgonk, kihiina, I called the dog, he came 
not. When it is considered necessary or proper, however, the conjunction 
is expressed, as kuminena, mi Jan hinéka, I did not see him, but John saw 
him. Here ‘but’’ is expressed by mi. 
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b 
