a 
2 
‘ 
1883,] 35 (Hale. 
Nigds signifies ‘‘and,’’ or ‘‘also.”’ Waklumiha lubis nigds masén, I 
bought a hat and a knife. Owahioka waktaka nigds mihér nomba lek, 1 
met a man and two women. 
Li, which expresses ‘‘if,’’ appears to be combined with the verb, at least 
in pronunciation ; thus: Lihiohk, wagelagita, If he comes, I will tell him ; 
wihita, Jan ihidk, I will come if John comes. It is noticeable'in the last 
two examples that the accent or stress of voice in the word lihiok, if he 
comes, appears to vary with the position of the word in the sentence. 
Syntax. 
The only points of interest which were ascertained in regard to the 
syntax of the language related to the position of words in a sentence. 
The adjective follows the noun which it qualifies, as wahtake bi, good 
man, ata aséh, white house. The rule applies to the numerals, as mihdn 
nohsa, one woman, ate nonbal, two houses. In this respect the Tutelo 
conforms to the rule which prevails in the Dakota and Hidatsa languages, 
as well as in the dialects of the Iroquois stock. In the Algonkin lan- 
guages, on the other hand, the adjective precedes the noun. 
The position of the verb appears to be a matter of indifference. It 
sometimes precedes the noun expressing either the subject or the object, 
and sometimes follows it, the meaning being determined apparently, as in 
Latin, by the inflection... Thus ‘‘I see a man,’’ is minéwa watwag (I see 
him aman); and ‘‘the man sees me”’ is méinéwa waiway (he sees me the 
man). Teorko mingo, give me a dog ; hité teonki, kill the dog. In the last 
example the change from tgowko to tgonki is apparently not a grammatical 
inflection, but is merely euphonic. ‘The verb in the imperative mood suffi- 
ciently shows the speaker’s meaning, and the position of the noun is a 
not a knife ; ‘‘ Ail the dog,’’ don’t 
” 
matter of emphasis. ‘‘A dog give me, 
let him escape. 
A verb is placed after another verb to which it bears the relation ex- 
pressed by our infinitive ; as mngilogko waktéta, let me kill him (allow 
me, I will kill him). Wakonta opéla, I will make him go (I cause him he 
will go). 
The euphonic changes which words undergo in construction with other 
words are as marked in this language as they are in the proper Dakota 
tongue, and seem to be often of a similar, if not identical, character in the 
two languages. Thus in Dakota the word guika, dog, becomes cuike 
when a possessive pronoun is prefixed. In the Tutelo a similar change 
takes place when the position of the noun is altered ; thus we have tgomko 
mingo, giveme a dog; kité tgonki, killthe dog. The terminal vowel is 
frequently dropped, and the consonant preceding it undergoes a change ; 
thus in Dakota yuzea, to hold, becomes yus in the phrase yus majin, to 
stand holding. In Tutelo nahdmbi (properly nahanbi) or nahabi, day, 
becomes nahaimp (or nahap), in nahamp lali (or nahap lali), three days. 
In such instances the two words which are thus in construction are pro- 
nounced as though they formed a single word, 
