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Claypole.] 220 {April 20, 
than the bounding line drawn on the map. Hamilton fossils were found 
farther and farther out from the ridge in the grounds represented as Che- 
mung on the map, until it become evident that in the western part of the 
basin or trough the Hamilton Upper shales were repeated by the ex- 
tension to the eastward of one of the anticlines represented at the end of 
the trough. Crawley hill is a mass of Hamilton sandstone rising imme- 
diately to the south of the township road running to Little Germany at a 
point not more than three miles from Bloomfield. The influence of this 
anticline is to bring up the Hamilton Upper shales again to the surface so 
that the lower beds crop out at or near the school-house on the branch road. 
to the south, Continuing along the branch road these Hamilton shales 
still occupy an immense space, far more than their thickness, and yet they 
dip very steeply. Another anticline, running up from the south-west, pro- 
duces another repetition. The crest of the Hamilton Sandstone ridge which 
encloses on the east the Perry Furnace valley throws up the upper shales 
again, so that in passing south, about half a mile from the New Bloomfield 
and Little Germany road, one passes over two anticlines rising first to the 
top layer of the Upper Hamilton shales or perhaps even into the Genesee, 
then descending to the edge of the Hamilton sandstone, again rising over 
the syncline and again descending on the second anticline. Noris it until 
both the ridges have been passed over that one finds the strata regularly 
dipping outwards at an angle of almost 90° from the last anticlinal axis. 
The consequence is that the Chemung rocks do not occur, as represented 
upon the map, along the middle of the eastern part ofthe valley. The whole 
of this area is occupied by Hamilton shales. The area, colored to represent 
Hamilton rocks on the map, between the roads leading to Perry Fur- 
nace and to Gibson’s rock is occupied by rocks of later date. Most of 
them are the equivalents of the Portage-Chemung, very similar in appear- 
ance, 
In fact, among the slight though rather numerous exposures of shale oc- 
curring in this valley, it would be almost impossible without the assistance 
of paleontology to determine their different horizons. Even with this aid, 
the difficulty, although diminished, is not removed. Many of the beds are 
totally barren; but, by the study of the fossils yielded by others the folds 
and varying angles of dip were followed out and Chemung fossils and 
rocks were found to occupy the whole southern side of the Middle basin, 
close up to the foot of its bounding range, Dick’s hill and Iron ridge. 
Inasmuch as the base of these hills is in many places occupied by lime- 
stone, it is evident that two so distant horizons can only be brought into 
contact by a fault, 
Following the various roads out of New Bloomfield it is not difficult to 
trace this fault through the county. 
No. 1. The Ridge road to Carlisle. On this line the successive formations 
occur in regular sequence from New Bloomfield for about two and one- 
half miles, when the ground suddenly changes from Chemung shale to 
Lower Helderberg limestone. 
