oe 
1883.) 223 [Clay pole, 
drawn minutely to scale is yet sufficiently accurate for our present purpose. 
It occurs at, Montebello narrows about four miles from New Bloomfield and 
shows what would be seen, if the exposure of the rocks permitted, along 
the whole course of the fault. The details, such as the amount of throw 
and the horizons brought into juxtaposition, would vary to some extent, 
but these variations do not in any way affect the principle. 
The fault is indicated on the surface only by a slight and interrupted 
depression, not inany way noticeable ; but along at least a part of its course 
it is marked by a line of strong springs. So evident ts course, when the 
structure of the county is understood, that a man can stand with one foot 
on the Chemung shales and the other on the Lower Helderberg limestone. 
Throw.—In estimating the throw of this fault it must be remembered that 
it is not everywhere of the same extent. At its greatest the olive shales of 
No. 8, the Chemung, are brought into contact with the limestone of No. 
6, the Lower Helderberg. If we then calculate the throw where it is 
greatest we shall get the following results. The part of the Chemung ap- 
pearing at the surface at the fault is as near as I can determine about 2000 
feet above the base of that group, including the Portage : 
Feet. 
Partial thickness of Portage-Chemung (lower portion). .2000 
Total bi (6) GOMOROOOSMAIEL Ved satis cesses Pian 9 10) 
ih i  Haniliton Upper shale ss isscees. ae BOO 
Ny Mi OTOL Me: SARICS TOM Oui s4 «ives alee COO 
te Ny “Lower Hamilton shale; svi. ss... 500 
oh ule CF MET COL MIS URGE SILO iis Gel de vow diate 100 
or hy ‘¢ Marcellus limestone and shale...... 50 
vi Ni “ Oriskany sandstone and shale..... 100 
Partial Mi “ Lower Helderberg limestone....... 200 
Total “ rocks thrown by the fuult .........4050 
This, within certain small limits of error, is the amount of throw calcu- 
lated at tight angles to the bedding. The total dislocation is, however, 
much greater. The tangential or horizontal thrust, to which is due the 
folding of the Appalachian strata and their accompanying or subsequent 
fracture, forced the the rocks on the 8. E. side of the fault over those on 
the N. W. side, along a slope whose angle cannot be determined. Tt has 
been represented in the section at 45°, but was probably less. If the 
amount above given be now increased in the proportion of the sine of this 
angle to the radius, or multiplied by about 1.4, we shall obtain as the actual 
displacement of the strata along the line of the fault about 5600 feet. 
Tur LirtheE GERMANY FAvuLT. 
Further investigation has developed another fault parallel to the first 
and at the distance of about a mile to the northward, 
It develops itself near the hamlet of Little yermany, in Spring town- 
ship, and runs east-north-east into Centre for nearly five miles. Though 
