-possessive pronouns, although we might say, nw zacil, my whiteness.’’ 
© 
Brinton.] 364 (Jan, 4, 
4. Observe that when any derivative or possessive pronoun 
is united to the first noun in such a connection, then one of the 
following particles is added to the noun, ai, el, ¢l, ol, vl; as, 
ahauh, lord, rahaual vinak, the lord of the people; ru yaal bo- 
hot, the water of the jar; ru cheel hat, the wood of the house, 
ru caxulil che, or rua che, the fruit of the tree; ru bakil balam, 
the bone of the tiger; ru bohoil cab, the jar of the honey; rw 
popol hat, the rug of the house. And this is not only the case 
with third persons, but with all persons, both singular and 
plural, as: 
vahaual Jesu Christo, My Lord Jesus Christ. 
auhaual Jesu Christo,Thy “ i f 
rahaual-Jesu Christo, His “ i re 
kahaual Jesu Christo,Our  “ i! it 
yahaual Jesu Christo, Your “ ‘! 
cahaual Jesu Christo, Their “ i 
To make the above explanation clearer, it should be stated that in 
Cakchiquel, as in most American tongues, there is no such separate part 
of speech as an adjective. The word nim, does not mean ‘‘great,’’ but ‘a 
great thing ;’’ hebel, ‘a pretty thing,’”’ ete. Such words only assume the 
sense of adjectives when used to express the quality of a subject. Hence 
the Spanish grammarians divide the Cakchiquel nouns into the two 
classes, ‘‘adjective nouns,’’ such as the above, and ‘‘substantive nouns,”’ 
which can express being without relation. 
Of the terminations alah, elah, tlah, olah, ulah, Torresano states that the 
most frequent are alah and wah, as these may be added to almost all 
nouns, both substantive and adjective ; ola is used only in the word 
loXolah. 
On the terminations al, el, il, ol, vl, Villacafias has the following import- 
ant remarks: ‘The possessive pronouns unite with both substantive and 
adjective nouns, and it is to be noted that when the pronoun conveys the 
notion of ownership, no termination is added to the noun; but when the 
pronoun expresses the connotation of a quality or accident, and not 
ownership, then one of the following particles is added to the nouns, al, 
el, vl, ol, vl. For example, nu uh, my book, the book which T own; nu 
uhil, my book, that in which matters relating to me are written ; nw colob, 
my cord, the cord I own, nw colobol, my cord, the cord with which I am 
bound, etc. When these particles are added to adjective nouns, they ex- 
press the quality in the abstract, as zac, white, zacdl, whiteness ; tz, good, 
vtzil, goodness. These abstract nouns can rarely be used with the personal 
