Brinton. ] 3T4 (Jan. 4, 
the place of I am, thou art, ete. In phrases of the third per- 
son, with a nominative expressed, the ha is dropped, as, wtz 
Pedro, Pedro is good. 
Imperfect pretertt. 
This tense is formed by adding to the primitive pronoun 
the particle naek. 
yn naek utz, 1 was good. oh naek utz, we were good, 
at naek utz, thou wast good. ya naek utz, you were good. 
ha naek utz, he was good. he nack utz, they were good. 
This is a circumlocution, and to complete its signification a 
word must be added, as in Latin when we say, tu eras— 
the phrase rests in suspense; hence we must say, yn naek ute 
oher, | was good in past time, thus conveying the sense of an 
action which was begun but not completed, 
Perfect preterit. 
The perfect preterit is formed from the present by suffixing 
a particle of past time, as oher or wueri, formerly; yhir,* yes- 
terday ; cabihir, day before yesterday, dropping the pronoun in 
the third. person singular. 
yn utz oher, I have been oh ute oher, we have been 
good, good, 
at utz oher, thou hast been ya wtz oher, you have been 
good. good, 
ha uta oher, he has been good. he ulz oher, they have been 
good, 
Pluperfect. 
To form this tense the letter is prefixed to theprimitive 
pronouns and after them is placed the noun; except in the third 
person of the singular, where the pronoun is not used, but 
merely the w, This tense requires a sentence to follow it, for 
its explanation, and at its close is placed the particle vi; as: 
xin utz vi mahaniok cat wl, I had already been good before 
thou camest. But the vi may also be omitted, as, win ulinak 
*Tbir, Coto. 
