1884, ] 375 [Brinton, 
tok wat ul, I had already arrived when thou camest. Such a 
use of this tense is quite customary and elegant. Thus to 
speak of God as a great Lord before heaven or earth was made, 
we say, Xaha vi xdinom vi atigil vi Dios nimahauh mahaniok 
tu ban cah vleuh. Such expressions are aided by a manner of 
speaking current among those Indians to express nature or 
habit in anything, although the time is not the same as in the 
tense we are discussing. Thus they say, Xaw ru cak wi ri ya 
gak ruach, This water is by its nature white. Xaw ru qohlem 
vi ri Pedro mima eleSom, Pedro makes a habit of stealing. 
Torresano gives several methods of forming the pluperfect, none pre- 
cisely corresponding with the above. Thus: 
hawin vt, T had been. haw oh vt, we had been. 
haw at vi, thou hadst been. haw tx vt, you had been. 
hax ha vi, he had been. hax he vi, they had been. 
Another is 
yn ok, T had been. oh ok, we had been. 
at ok, thou hadst been. yx ok, you had been. 
ha ok, he had been. he ok, they had been. 
As, You had been sick when I came, Jv ok yavat tok win ul. It may 
also be formed by the particles cht, ok, as, at fiscal cht ok toxide, thou hadst 
been fiscal when I went; or the particle clic may be added, as, In wan 
oinak chic tok aat ul, I had been well when thou camest. 
Future Imperfect. 
This future is formed from the present by adding the verb 
quin ux, to have become (ser hecho). 
yn utz xequinux, I shall have become good. 
at ute «cat ux, thou wilt have become good. 
In the third person the particle’ ha is not used, but the phrase 
is expressed thus: 
utz «tux Pedro, Pedro will be good, or will have become 
good. 
This tense may also be formed by placing at the end an ad- 
verb of future time as, 
yn utz chuak, I shall be good to-morrow. 
Also the particle edie, more, may be placed before the said 
adverb, as: 
yn ulz chic chuak, I shall be more good to-morrow. 
