1884. ] 403 [Brinton. 
Of Frequentative Verbs. 
These include frequentative verbs properly, and also distrib- 
utive verbs. 
Active verbs of more than one syllable, ending in fh, change 
the h into la, as, tin gipah, I divide, tin giala, I divide many 
times, or among many persons. Active verbs of only one’syl- 
lable add the vowel of the root, and then the particle la, as, tin 
chap, I seize, tin chapata, I seize often or many things. There 
are not many frequentatives proper, with an active sense, ‘in 
this language. 
With regard to the passive verbs derived from these fre- 
quentatives, they are not formed as the other passives and abso- 
lutes above mentioned, but as follows: the @ in which the fre- 
quentatives end is changed into 9, and then the absolute is 
formed in on, and the passive in aw; as, tin cipala, I divide 
often, qué gipalon, I divide out, qui gipalow, T am divided out 
frequently. 
CHapreR VI. Or some PARTICLES AND ADVERBS. 
The particle vd is much used in this language, and for many 
purposes. 
Whenever time or place is speci fied before the verb, the lat- 
ter must be followed immediately by vz; as chi rochoch Dios 
qo vi Padre, In the house of God is the father. But if the verb 
is placed first, the v7 is not used; as, qoh chi rochoch Dios, he is 
in the house of God (the church). 
Again, in employing the dative, if it precedes the verb, the 
latter must be followed by wi; as, cht richin Pedro taya vt, to 
Pedro thou must give. But if the dative is placed after the 
verb, the vi is not used; as, enw ya chirichin Pedro, I gave it 
to Pedro. 
Tt has also the signification of the instrument, if it immedi- 
ately follows the verb; as, abah xin camicah vi taiquin, with 
a stone I killed the bird; but if the instrument is placed after 
the verb, vi is not used, but the particle chi, as, win camicah 
tziquin chi abah, I killed the bird with a stone. 
