Brinton.) 
410 (Jan. 4, 
qvtu, for counting spans. 
wad, for counting paces. 
le, for counting spaces between floors. 
tanah, for counting degrees, chapters, sins, law-suits, etc. 
Lala, for counting cacao grains, by scores. 
vinak, for counting months according to the method of the Indians, from 
20 to 20. 
a, for counting years. 
may, for counting years by twenties. 
mul, for counting repetitions. 2 
oc, for counting with exclusion, hunoc, one only, cayoc, two only, etc. 
Lat, for counting long strips. 
hal, for counting changes, 
qhay, for counting businesses. 
To these from Torresano may be added from other sources : 
bic, for counting songs, words, or blows, as hubic chibia, one song. 
* lah, for counting 14 at a time. 
patal, for counting loads, hun patal aqwm, one load of salt, ete. 
To express that a quantity is finite and can be counted, the word choyol 
is used ; to express that it is infinite or cannot be counted, they have the 
word ramal; or the negatives maqué choyol, maqui Latal, innumerable. 
To express a half, the word ¢anal is placed before the numeral, which \t 
takes the possessive, as tanal ru cay, tanal rox, tanal ru cah, etc. 
PARTICLES. 
In American tongues the study of the particles is preéminently required 
in order to gain an insight into the shades of meaning between similar ex- 
pressions. To them also we must turn if we would trace these tongues to 
their primitive forms, and gain a clear conception of their organic pecu- 
liarities.. By some writers these particles are considered worn down verbal 
or nominal roots, but I rather hold that this is the exception, and that 
most of them are true radical forms themselves, and must be ranged under 
a grammatical category foreign to any known to the Latin grammarians. 
This question need not be discussed here,, and it will be enough for 
practical purposes to arrange in alphabetical order the principal but by 
no means all the particles found in the Cakchiquel. 
Aco. Expresses satisfaction, as if one had found that which he was 
searching for. 
Saneh. Verbal particle, see p. 404. 
An. Particle to say that it is well. Utzan, it is well. 
Avah, or Avahuh, Generic part, applied to any animal, bird, or bee, 
such as builds itself a house. 
Atza, Enough ; atea qgoh, taqa mape, ‘trae bastante.”’ 
Ba. Imperative and prohibitive particle. 
Benakil. Many times ; benakil nu bijm chaue, I have often told you it. 
