666 [July 18, 
Gill.} 
Suborbital bones small. 
Opercular bones normally developed 
Nostrils double, in front of each eye. 
Mouth terminal, moderate or small, with the cleft lateral and little 
oblique. 
Upper jaw in some (Stromateine) not protractile, in others (Centro- 
lophinge) protractile. 
Teeth small and pointed, absent from the palate. 
Branchial apertures variable. 
Branchiostegal rays variable (5 to '7). 
Dorsat fin commencing at the nape or behind the bases of the pectorals, 
elongated, and with few small or rudimentary and often modified spines in 
front; the soft rays branched. 
Anal fin commencing behind the anus and coterminal with the dorsal, to 
which it is similar in form and structure, but with fewer spines in front. 
Caudal fin more or less emarginated or forked. 
Pectoral fins inserted rather high on the sides, well develeped and pointed 
or rounded. 
Ventral fins thoracic or jugular when present, often absent (obsolete in 
the old, but developed in the young of some species). 
Branchie 4, with a cleft behind the last, 
Pseudobranchia developed. 
The pharyngeal bones beneath are separated. 
The stomach is coecal, and the pyloric appendages in some numerous or 
dendritic, and in others developed in moderate number. 
Subfamily CENTROLOPHIN 4. 
Synonymy. 
=Centrolophing, Gill, Cat. Fishes E. Coast N. Am., p. 34 (not defined), 
1861, 
=Centrolophingy, Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 127 (not defined, 
but genera enumerated), 1862. 
=Centrolophinx, Jordan and Gilbert, Syn. Fishes N. Am., p. 450, 1882. 
Corypheninie gen., Bonaparte, 1831, 1888, 1840, 1846, 1850. 
Stromateina gen., Giinther. 
Corypheenina gen., Giinther. 
Carangina gen., Giinther. 
Nomeina sp., Giinther. 
Stromateide with complex elongate gill-rakers, extending backwards 
from the epibranchials of the last branchial arch, 11 abdominal and 14 
caudal vertebrae, protractile premaxillaries, and normally developed ven- 
tral fins (1.5) persistent through life. 
Although the constituents of this subfamily have been widely scattered, 
and still continue to be, their relations were appreciated and contended 
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