GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY OF THE TERRITORIES. 167 



deep crimson-colored deposit about them. There are a number of springs 

 at the base of a spur of the mountain range which is to the east of them. 

 The average temperature of the water was 129^ F., the temperature of 

 the air at the time of observation being 83° F. The highest tempera- 

 ture was found in one of the smaller southern springs, and was 136o F. ; 

 while at the distance of 100 feet to the west of it the lowest tempera- 

 ture, 109^ F., was found. The principal spring was almost circular in 

 shape, and from 12 to 15 feet in diameter and 5 feet in depth. Its tem- 

 perature was 128^ F. some distance from its edge, although i^robably 

 higher in the center, beyond the reach of the thermometer. The taste 

 of the water w^as decidedly bitter and salty. In all of the springs there 

 was at intervals a slight bubbling of carbonic acid gas. At no time 

 during observation, however, was it considerable. No other volatile 

 substances were discovered. The specific gravity of the water was 

 1019, and an analysis revealed the following constitutents : 



Chloride of sodium, (common salt,) very abundant, 



Sulphate of lime, 



Magnesia, ^ 



Lime, > as carbonates. 



Iron, ) 



The amount of iron was small, from its having been thrown down by 

 the escape of the carbonic acid gas at the time of examination. A con- 

 siderable area around the springs is covered with a deposit of iron, the 

 bright-red color of which contrasts well with the green of the surround- 

 ing vegetation. In isolated spots, as well as on some of the rocks near 

 the water, there is a v/hite deposit. Between the springs and the lake 

 or bay there extend salt marshes or flats for the distance of three or four 

 miles. 



Leaving our camp on the 12th, we resumed our way in an almost 

 northerly direction, until we neared Brigham City, when we turned to 

 the right and entered Box Eider Canon, another of those gorges cut 

 through the mountains at right angles to its trend. Our way was now 

 upward for eight miles through the canon — grass-covered hills with here 

 and there i)rojecting rocks rising high on either side of us, while at our 

 feet rushed a swift stream, its banks fringed v/ith elder-bushes. The 

 rocks here are identical with those in Ogden Caiion. In the evening 

 we camped in Box Elder Park, about 500 feet above the level of the 

 Salt Lake, near the Danish settlement of Copenhagen. The park is 

 almost circular in shape, and is about two miles in diameter, encircled 

 by rounded hills composed of dark siliceous limestone. Between this 

 point and Cache Valley, a distance of almost thirteen miles, our road led 

 us now up hill and now down, past masses of dark-blue Carboniferous 

 or mountain limestones, containing white calcite with xierfect cleavage. 

 They are fossiliferous. Just before reaching Wellesville, our camping- 

 ])lace, there was a change to calcareous sandstones of a light-gray color. 

 The scene as we emerged from the mountains was grand. Before us 

 lay Cache Valley, dotted with numerous Mormon towns. It is one of 

 the best cultivated districts in Utah, and, clothed in its spring garb, 

 presented a beautiful appearance. It is about liity-four miles in length 

 and will average about seven miles in width. The rocks in the moun- 

 tains on either side are limestones and quartzites. Near IMendon there 

 occurs an oolitic limestone, which is much used for building puri)oses 

 throughout the valley. Our course on the 11th and ir>th lay through 

 Cache Valley. At the upi)erend is the town of Franklin. To the west 

 of the town there is a large, isolated butte, the basis of which is a blue 

 limestone containing a percentage of silica. This stands in the nuddle 



