﻿ILLUSTRATIONS 
  OF 
  THE 
  DEVONIC 
  FOSSILS 
  OF 
  

   SOUTHERN 
  BRAZIL 
  AND 
  THE 
  FALKLAND 
  ISLANDS 
  

  

  BY 
  JOHN 
  M. 
  CLARKE 
  

  

  Three 
  years 
  ago 
  the 
  writer 
  completed 
  a 
  protracted 
  series 
  of 
  

   studies 
  on 
  the 
  Devonic 
  faunas 
  of 
  South 
  America, 
  especially 
  

   those 
  of 
  southern 
  Brazil 
  in 
  the 
  state 
  of 
  Sao 
  Paulo, 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  

   Falkland 
  islands, 
  incidentally 
  also 
  of 
  the 
  Cordilleras 
  of 
  western 
  

   Argentina. 
  These 
  studies 
  were 
  authorized 
  by 
  the 
  director 
  of 
  

   the 
  Geological 
  Service 
  of 
  Brazil, 
  and 
  the 
  full 
  discussion 
  of 
  these 
  

   austral 
  faunas 
  is 
  in 
  course 
  of 
  printing 
  as 
  a 
  memoir 
  of 
  that 
  or- 
  

   ganization. 
  Meanwhile, 
  because 
  of 
  the 
  delays 
  attendant 
  on 
  pub- 
  

   lication 
  in 
  Brazil, 
  and 
  by 
  permission 
  of 
  the 
  director 
  of 
  the 
  Brazil- 
  

   ian 
  Survey, 
  occasion 
  is 
  here 
  taken 
  to 
  present 
  illustrations 
  of 
  the 
  

   leading 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  Brazilian 
  and 
  Falkland 
  faunas 
  which 
  are 
  

   with 
  propriety 
  incorporated 
  in 
  this 
  report 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  their 
  

   intimate 
  but 
  contrasting 
  relations 
  to 
  the 
  Devonic 
  faunas 
  of 
  New 
  

   York. 
  

  

  While 
  no 
  other 
  purpose 
  is 
  here 
  sought 
  than 
  to 
  set 
  forth, 
  as 
  

   well 
  as 
  may 
  be 
  by 
  illustration, 
  the 
  distinctive 
  fossil 
  characters 
  

   of 
  this 
  southern 
  Devonic 
  and 
  the 
  whole 
  estimate 
  of 
  the 
  real 
  

   significance 
  of 
  the 
  fauna 
  must 
  be 
  reserved 
  for 
  its 
  more 
  complete 
  

   presentation 
  and 
  discussion, 
  it 
  is 
  well 
  to 
  intimate 
  that 
  these 
  

   Devonic 
  faunas 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  north, 
  though 
  united 
  by 
  

   general 
  characters, 
  are 
  keenly 
  and 
  widely 
  separated 
  in 
  the 
  analy- 
  

   sis 
  of 
  their 
  specific 
  and 
  superspecific 
  structures. 
  This 
  fact 
  makes 
  

   itself 
  so 
  clear 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  evident 
  the 
  northern 
  and 
  southern 
  faunas 
  

   developed 
  in 
  separated 
  basins 
  with 
  but 
  restricted 
  intercommuni- 
  

   cation 
  during 
  the 
  Devonic. 
  These 
  illustrations 
  also 
  indicate 
  the 
  

   continuity 
  of 
  the 
  strand 
  line 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  Devonic 
  continents 
  from 
  

   southern 
  South 
  America 
  to 
  the 
  Falkland 
  islands 
  and 
  thence 
  to 
  

   South 
  Africa. 
  

  

  140 
  

  

  