﻿THE 
  GEOLOGICAL 
  HISTORY 
  OF 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  

  

  13 
  

  

  Ordovicic 
  

  

  f 
  Frankfort 
  shale 
  and 
  sand 
  

  

  stone 
  

   I 
  Utica 
  shale 
  

   Trenton 
  limestone 
  and 
  

   shale 
  

   I 
  Black 
  river 
  limestone 
  

   I 
  Chazy 
  limestone 
  

   ^ 
  Beekmantown 
  limestone 
  

   r 
  Little 
  Falls 
  dolomitic 
  

   limestone 
  

   Potsdam 
  sandstone 
  and 
  

  

  limestone 
  

   Acadian 
  limestone 
  ^ 
  East 
  of 
  Hudson 
  river 
  from 
  

   Georgian 
  slate 
  and 
  V 
  Washington 
  county 
  south 
  - 
  

   quartzite 
  J 
  ward 
  

  

  r 
  Igneous 
  series 
  — 
  Anortho- 
  ^) 
  

  

  site, 
  granite, 
  syenite, 
  I 
  Adirondacks 
  and 
  Hud 
  

   Precambrie 
  <j 
  gabbro 
  and 
  diabase 
  son 
  Highlands 
  

  

  Grenville 
  metamorphosed 
  

   sediments 
  

  

  Cambric 
  

  

  -\ 
  Central 
  New 
  York 
  and 
  

   L 
  western 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  Adi- 
  

   rondacks 
  

  

  Around 
  the 
  Adirondacks 
  

   and 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  in 
  Hud- 
  

   > 
  son 
  valley. 
  Chazy 
  ab- 
  

   sent 
  from 
  Mohawk 
  val- 
  

   ley 
  

  

  Around 
  the 
  Adirondacks 
  

   and 
  some 
  in 
  southeastern 
  

   New 
  York 
  

  

  Throughout 
  this 
  book 
  the 
  purpose 
  is 
  not 
  merely 
  to 
  describe 
  the 
  

   physical 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  State, 
  but 
  rather 
  constantly 
  to 
  emphasize 
  

   the 
  history 
  or 
  evolution 
  of 
  those 
  features. 
  The 
  idea 
  which 
  I 
  would 
  

   now 
  convey 
  to 
  the 
  reader 
  has 
  been 
  admirably 
  expressed 
  by 
  Pro- 
  

   fessor 
  Davis 
  in 
  his 
  " 
  The 
  Physical 
  Geography 
  of 
  Southern 
  New 
  

   England 
  " 
  : 
  " 
  Geography 
  still 
  retains 
  too 
  much 
  of 
  its 
  old-fashioned, 
  

   irrational 
  methods 
  : 
  it 
  has 
  not 
  kept 
  pace 
  with 
  the 
  advance 
  made 
  by 
  

   geology. 
  In 
  spite 
  of 
  what 
  the 
  geologist 
  has 
  learned 
  about 
  the 
  

   evolution 
  of 
  geographical 
  forms, 
  the 
  geographer 
  still 
  too 
  generally 
  

   treats 
  them 
  empirically, 
  and 
  thus 
  loses 
  acquaintance 
  with 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  most 
  interesting 
  phases 
  of 
  his 
  subject. 
  ... 
  It 
  is 
  often 
  main- 
  

   tained 
  that 
  a 
  devoted 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  facts 
  themselves, 
  without 
  regard 
  

   to 
  their 
  meaning 
  or 
  development, 
  will 
  suffice 
  to 
  place 
  them 
  clearly 
  

   enough 
  before 
  the 
  mind; 
  but 
  this 
  view 
  is 
  contradicted 
  both 
  by 
  

   general 
  experience 
  in 
  many 
  subjects 
  where 
  rational 
  explanation 
  

   has 
  replaced 
  empirical 
  generalization, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  special 
  experience 
  

   of 
  geography 
  as 
  well. 
  Left 
  to 
  itself 
  as 
  an 
  empirical 
  study, 
  in 
  which 
  

   the 
  development 
  of 
  land 
  forms 
  was 
  hardly 
  allowed 
  to 
  enter, 
  it 
  has 
  

   languished 
  for 
  many 
  years, 
  until 
  it 
  became 
  a 
  subject 
  for 
  continual 
  

   complaint. 
  . 
  . 
  . 
  Today 
  it 
  is 
  only 
  by 
  those 
  who 
  fail 
  to 
  see 
  the 
  direc- 
  

  

  