﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  SARATOGA 
  SPRINGS 
  AND 
  VICINITY 
  13 
  

  

  Fort 
  Edward 
  is 
  its 
  postglacial 
  route 
  of 
  passage 
  from 
  the 
  one 
  to 
  

   the 
  other. 
  

  

  Aside 
  from 
  the 
  river, 
  the 
  two 
  principal 
  streams 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  

   are 
  Batten 
  kill, 
  coming 
  into 
  the 
  river 
  from 
  the 
  east, 
  and 
  the 
  

   Kayaderosseras 
  creek 
  — 
  Fish 
  creek 
  drainage 
  from 
  the 
  west. 
  This 
  

   latter 
  basin 
  covers 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  quadrangle 
  and 
  about 
  one- 
  

   third 
  of 
  the 
  Schuylerville 
  as 
  well. 
  Only 
  the 
  lower 
  portion 
  of 
  

   Batten 
  kill 
  lies 
  within 
  the 
  map 
  limits, 
  some 
  7 
  miles 
  long 
  following 
  

   the 
  stream, 
  but 
  only 
  a 
  little 
  over 
  4 
  miles 
  in 
  an 
  air 
  line. 
  In 
  this 
  

   short 
  distance 
  it 
  drops 
  over 
  200 
  feet. 
  The 
  larger 
  part 
  of 
  this 
  

   drop 
  is 
  made 
  at 
  Middle 
  Falls 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  fall 
  1 
  mile 
  below 
  Middle 
  

   Falls, 
  unnamed 
  on 
  the 
  map. 
  This 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  stream's 
  course 
  is 
  

   wholly 
  modern 
  and 
  postglacial. 
  

  

  All 
  the 
  upper 
  portion 
  of 
  Kayaderosseras 
  creek 
  lies 
  in 
  the 
  deeply 
  

   drift-filled, 
  structural 
  valley 
  running 
  south 
  from 
  Corinth. 
  Heavy 
  

   drift 
  across 
  the 
  valley 
  east 
  of 
  Middlegrove 
  turns 
  the 
  stream 
  aside 
  

   and 
  its 
  course 
  between 
  Middlegrove 
  and 
  West 
  Milton 
  is 
  modern 
  

   and 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  old 
  valley, 
  with 
  the 
  chief 
  drop 
  at 
  Rock 
  City 
  

   Falls. 
  At 
  West 
  Milton 
  it 
  reenters 
  and 
  crosses 
  the 
  old 
  valley, 
  then 
  

   turns 
  south 
  through 
  Ballston 
  in 
  a 
  modern 
  course, 
  with 
  frequent 
  

   rapids 
  and 
  falls. 
  Below 
  Ballston 
  it 
  flows 
  through 
  a 
  shallow 
  valley 
  

   wholly 
  in 
  drift 
  to 
  Saratoga 
  lake. 
  Below 
  the 
  lake 
  it 
  is 
  a 
  sluggish 
  

   stream 
  with 
  little 
  fall 
  in 
  preexisting 
  valleys 
  until 
  the 
  big 
  bend 
  just 
  

   below 
  Victory 
  Mills 
  is 
  reached. 
  The 
  final 
  mile 
  and 
  a 
  half 
  of 
  the 
  

   stream 
  is 
  again 
  in 
  a 
  modern 
  channel, 
  with 
  a 
  drop 
  of 
  nearly 
  100 
  feet. 
  

  

  On 
  these 
  three 
  streams, 
  because 
  of 
  their 
  steep 
  gradient, 
  there 
  

   are 
  numerous 
  water-power 
  sites, 
  all 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  occupied 
  and 
  

   in 
  vigorous 
  use. 
  Few 
  districts 
  show 
  as 
  thorough 
  utilization 
  of 
  

   power 
  possibilities. 
  

  

  GLACIAL 
  DEPOSITS 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  higher 
  grounds 
  of 
  the 
  district 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  great 
  thickness 
  

   of 
  glacial 
  deposit, 
  and 
  the 
  topography 
  and 
  bedrock 
  geology 
  are 
  

   well 
  shown. 
  But 
  at 
  the 
  lower 
  levels, 
  and 
  chiefly 
  in 
  the 
  two 
  great 
  

   valleys, 
  there 
  is 
  abundant 
  and 
  often 
  thick 
  drift, 
  constituting 
  an 
  

   important 
  element 
  in 
  the 
  topography. 
  This 
  drift 
  is 
  in 
  part 
  glaci- 
  

   ally 
  deposited 
  and 
  in 
  part 
  a 
  water 
  deposit. 
  

  

  MORAINES 
  

  

  No 
  terminal 
  moraine 
  of 
  any 
  particular 
  prominence 
  lies 
  within 
  

   the 
  map 
  limits, 
  though 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  considerable 
  morainic 
  belt 
  running 
  

   across 
  the 
  northern 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  quadrangle. 
  But 
  there 
  

  

  