﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  SARATOGA 
  SPRINGS 
  AND 
  VICINITY 
  53 
  

  

  In 
  front 
  of 
  this 
  low 
  escarpment, 
  at 
  several 
  places 
  along 
  the 
  road 
  

   leading 
  due 
  north 
  to 
  the 
  Glowegee, 
  small 
  outcrops 
  of 
  dark 
  shales 
  

   were 
  observed, 
  the 
  shale 
  being 
  sandy 
  in 
  some 
  parts 
  and 
  fissile 
  and 
  

   argillaceous 
  in 
  others, 
  but 
  nowhere 
  of 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  Cana- 
  

   joharie 
  shale. 
  This 
  shale 
  we 
  have 
  mapped 
  with 
  the 
  Schenectady 
  

   beds. 
  1 
  

  

  The 
  Indian 
  Ladder 
  beds. 
  The 
  Schenectady 
  beds 
  are 
  overlain 
  

   in 
  the 
  Helderberg 
  escarpment 
  at 
  the 
  Indian 
  Ladder 
  by 
  a 
  similar 
  

   formation, 
  300 
  feet 
  or 
  more 
  in 
  thickness, 
  that 
  has 
  furnished 
  a 
  

   faunule 
  hitherto 
  known 
  only 
  from 
  the 
  Eden 
  beds 
  about 
  Cincinnati 
  

   and 
  of 
  an 
  age 
  roughly 
  corresponding 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  Frankfort 
  beds 
  

   in 
  central 
  New 
  York. 
  This 
  formation, 
  which 
  is 
  of 
  small 
  east-west 
  

   extension, 
  was 
  deposited 
  after 
  an 
  emergence 
  in 
  Utica 
  time 
  in 
  the 
  

   narrow 
  southern 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  trough. 
  The 
  submersion, 
  

   however, 
  proceeded 
  probably 
  from 
  the 
  south, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  very 
  probable 
  

   that 
  it 
  extended 
  over 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  sheet, 
  although 
  no 
  rocks 
  of 
  this 
  

   period 
  are 
  left 
  there. 
  

  

  STRUCTURAL 
  GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  THE 
  WESTERN 
  BASIN 
  

   BY 
  H. 
  P. 
  CUSHING 
  

  

  General 
  statement. 
  The 
  Paleozoic 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  basin 
  

   have 
  been 
  deformed 
  chiefly 
  by 
  faulting, 
  which 
  has 
  equally 
  affected 
  

   the 
  Precambric 
  rocks. 
  Folds 
  are 
  not 
  prominent 
  and 
  the 
  rocks 
  show 
  

   but 
  gentle 
  dips, 
  except 
  locally 
  near 
  faults. 
  The 
  district 
  shows 
  little 
  

   sign 
  of 
  lateral 
  compression 
  and 
  the 
  faults 
  all 
  appear 
  to 
  be 
  normal. 
  

   In 
  these 
  two 
  respects 
  arises 
  the 
  chief 
  structural 
  difference 
  between 
  

   the 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  and 
  eastern 
  basins. 
  

  

  Vanuxem, 
  years 
  ago, 
  described 
  the 
  normal 
  faults 
  which 
  cross 
  

   the 
  Mohawk 
  valley, 
  from 
  Little 
  Falls 
  to 
  Hoffmans 
  Ferry. 
  2 
  The 
  

   next 
  geologist 
  to 
  consider 
  them 
  in 
  any 
  detail 
  was 
  Darton, 
  who 
  studied 
  

   and 
  mapped 
  all 
  the 
  Mohawk 
  faults, 
  especially 
  extending 
  the 
  work 
  

   north 
  of 
  the 
  river, 
  and 
  also 
  carrying 
  it 
  northeastward 
  to 
  include 
  

   the 
  Saratoga 
  region. 
  3 
  This 
  was 
  a 
  most 
  excellent 
  piece 
  of 
  work 
  

   and 
  has 
  formed 
  the 
  basis 
  for 
  all 
  subsequent 
  investigation 
  of 
  these 
  

   faults. 
  

  

  1 
  Professor 
  Miller 
  has, 
  on 
  the 
  adjoining 
  (Broadalbin) 
  quadrangle, 
  mapped 
  

   the 
  sandstone-shale 
  alternations 
  of 
  the 
  Schenectady 
  formation 
  as 
  Frankfort 
  

   beds, 
  and 
  the 
  underlying 
  shale 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  formation, 
  as 
  Utica, 
  the 
  Schenec- 
  

   tady 
  beds 
  having 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  not 
  yet 
  been 
  studied 
  by 
  the 
  writer 
  and 
  separated 
  

   from 
  the 
  Frankfort 
  shale. 
  

  

  2 
  Geology, 
  3d 
  Dist, 
  p. 
  203-11. 
  

  

  3 
  N. 
  Y. 
  State 
  Geol. 
  14th 
  Ann. 
  Rep't, 
  1894, 
  p. 
  33-53. 
  

  

  