﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  SARATOGA 
  SPRINGS 
  AND 
  VICINITY 
  IOI 
  

  

  western 
  series 
  has 
  been 
  overridden 
  by 
  the 
  rolling 
  and 
  slipping 
  mass 
  

   of 
  the 
  eastern 
  shales 
  and 
  grits 
  to 
  an 
  extent 
  at 
  present 
  unknown. 
  

   We 
  have 
  in 
  the 
  sections 
  extended 
  the 
  Canajoharie 
  shale 
  and 
  the 
  

   underlying 
  limestones 
  and 
  sandstones 
  to 
  the 
  eastern 
  hill 
  region, 
  

   because 
  from 
  'the 
  thickness 
  of 
  these 
  formations 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  it 
  is 
  

   sure 
  that 
  they 
  continue 
  for 
  a 
  considerable 
  distance 
  eastward 
  under 
  

   the 
  crumpled 
  shales. 
  Quite 
  probably 
  they 
  descend 
  gradually 
  east- 
  

   ward 
  under 
  a 
  subhorizontal 
  thrust 
  plane, 
  partly 
  by 
  step 
  faults, 
  

   such 
  as 
  bring 
  the 
  limestones 
  at 
  Saratoga 
  Springs 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  level 
  

   of 
  the 
  village 
  (see 
  diagram 
  on 
  left). 
  

  

  The 
  Canajoharie 
  shales 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  belt 
  exhibit 
  but 
  gentle 
  

   dips 
  in 
  most 
  outcrops. 
  In 
  the 
  region 
  of 
  the 
  Glowegee 
  the 
  dip 
  

   is 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  toward 
  the 
  fault 
  and 
  to 
  the 
  southwest, 
  while 
  about 
  

   Saratoga 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  Schuylerville 
  quadrangle 
  it 
  is 
  mostly 
  to 
  the 
  

   east 
  and 
  southeast, 
  usually 
  less 
  than 
  5 
  . 
  Exceptions 
  are 
  the 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  on 
  the 
  upper 
  Snook 
  kill, 
  at 
  the 
  foot 
  of 
  Mt 
  McGregor, 
  

   where 
  the 
  dip 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  average 
  50 
  ° 
  and 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  65 
  °, 
  owing 
  

   to 
  the 
  nearness 
  of 
  the 
  McGregor 
  fault 
  line 
  that 
  separates 
  the 
  shale 
  

   and 
  Precambric 
  rocks. 
  At 
  Gansevoort 
  the 
  shale 
  is 
  already 
  much 
  

   disturbed 
  by 
  slipping 
  and 
  folding, 
  but 
  in 
  general 
  dips 
  steeply 
  south- 
  

   west, 
  while 
  at 
  Fort 
  Edward, 
  a 
  few 
  miles 
  beyond 
  the 
  limits 
  of 
  the 
  

   quadrangle, 
  the 
  dip 
  is 
  about 
  12 
  ° 
  to 
  southeast. 
  Both 
  at 
  Ganse- 
  

   voort 
  and 
  Fort 
  Edward 
  a 
  great 
  number 
  of 
  small 
  slips 
  occur, 
  and 
  

   the 
  varying 
  dip 
  to 
  northwest 
  and 
  southeast 
  indicates 
  that 
  the 
  shale 
  

   belt 
  is 
  broken 
  into 
  many 
  tilted 
  blocks 
  by 
  faults 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  paral- 
  

   lel 
  with 
  the 
  master 
  faults, 
  that 
  is, 
  faults 
  running 
  in 
  southwest- 
  

   northeast 
  direction. 
  None 
  of 
  these 
  larger 
  faults 
  has 
  been 
  directly 
  

   observed 
  in 
  the 
  shale. 
  Nevertheless 
  their 
  presence 
  can 
  be 
  directly 
  

   inferred 
  in 
  several 
  places, 
  as 
  at 
  Rock 
  City 
  Falls 
  and 
  half 
  way 
  be- 
  

   tween 
  North 
  Wilton 
  and 
  Saratoga 
  Springs, 
  where 
  faults 
  pass 
  from 
  

   the 
  limestones 
  southwestward 
  into 
  the 
  shales. 
  The 
  fault 
  separat- 
  

   ing 
  Canajoharie 
  and 
  Snake 
  Hill 
  beds 
  at 
  Ballston 
  may 
  also 
  belong 
  

   in 
  this 
  class. 
  

  

  Besides 
  these 
  supposed 
  larger 
  faults, 
  a 
  multitude 
  of 
  small 
  slip 
  

   faults 
  transect 
  the 
  shale. 
  All 
  of 
  these 
  strike 
  northeast,' 
  more 
  or 
  

   less 
  parallel 
  to 
  the 
  master 
  faults, 
  dip 
  slightly 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  and 
  the 
  

   upthrow 
  side 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  east, 
  all 
  of 
  these 
  faults 
  being 
  of 
  the 
  nature 
  

   of 
  small 
  overthrusts. 
  The 
  throw 
  is 
  everywhere 
  small, 
  being 
  but 
  

   a 
  few 
  feet 
  or 
  in 
  some 
  cases 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  inches. 
  Three 
  of 
  them 
  

   were 
  observed 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  gorge 
  of 
  the 
  Kayaderosseras, 
  others 
  

   in 
  the 
  Snook 
  kill 
  near 
  Gansevoort. 
  The 
  best 
  instances 
  of 
  these 
  

  

  