﻿I56 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  Northward 
  from 
  Saratoga 
  the 
  broad 
  belt 
  of 
  Hudson 
  Valley 
  

   shale 
  narrows 
  rather 
  rapidly, 
  and 
  north 
  of 
  Fort 
  Edward 
  but 
  little 
  

   of 
  it 
  remains. 
  In 
  the 
  Champlain 
  valley 
  but 
  a 
  few 
  patches 
  of 
  shales 
  

   remain, 
  nothing 
  like 
  a 
  continuous 
  cover. 
  Judging 
  by 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  

   vicinity, 
  such 
  a 
  cover 
  is 
  necessary 
  both 
  to 
  prevent 
  the 
  free 
  escape 
  

   of 
  the 
  mineral 
  water 
  and 
  to 
  prevent 
  its 
  admixture 
  with 
  overwhelm- 
  

   ing 
  quantities 
  of 
  surface 
  water. 
  This 
  fact 
  would 
  seem 
  to 
  account 
  

   for 
  the 
  nonappearance 
  of 
  these 
  carbonated 
  waters 
  to 
  the 
  north. 
  

  

  The 
  rocks 
  of 
  the 
  general 
  region 
  dip 
  to 
  the 
  south, 
  hence 
  the 
  shale 
  

   cover 
  thickens 
  southward 
  and 
  the 
  mineral 
  waters, 
  if 
  present, 
  are 
  

   at 
  a 
  steadily 
  increasing 
  depth 
  below 
  the 
  surface. 
  In 
  the 
  village 
  

   the 
  driller 
  reported 
  for 
  the 
  Star 
  spring 
  bore, 
  only 
  a 
  short 
  distance 
  

   east 
  of 
  the 
  fault 
  line, 
  that 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  shale 
  was 
  100 
  feet 
  

   below 
  ground, 
  38 
  feet 
  drift, 
  62 
  feet 
  shale, 
  then 
  limestone. 
  The 
  

   Natural 
  Company 
  wells 
  on 
  South 
  Broadway 
  show 
  an 
  average 
  of 
  

   140 
  feet 
  of 
  drift 
  and 
  50 
  to 
  100 
  feet 
  of 
  shale 
  before 
  reaching 
  lime- 
  

   stone. 
  At 
  the 
  Geysers 
  the 
  limestone 
  is 
  still 
  deeper. 
  The 
  Hathorn 
  

   No. 
  2 
  well 
  reported 
  23 
  feet 
  of 
  drift 
  and 
  432 
  feet 
  of 
  shale 
  above 
  the 
  

   limestone. 
  At 
  Ballston 
  the 
  shale 
  is 
  200 
  feet 
  thicker 
  than 
  this, 
  and 
  

   the 
  limestone 
  correspondingly 
  deeper. 
  The 
  waters 
  then 
  extend 
  to 
  

   the 
  south 
  of 
  Saratoga 
  under 
  the 
  shales, 
  but 
  the 
  depth 
  of 
  drilling 
  

   necessary 
  to 
  reach 
  them 
  steadily 
  increases 
  in 
  that 
  direction, 
  and 
  

   away 
  from 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  vicinity 
  they 
  do 
  not 
  come 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  

   naturally. 
  They 
  likewise 
  extend 
  probably 
  far 
  to 
  the 
  east 
  under 
  the 
  

   thickening 
  shale 
  cover. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  by 
  no 
  means 
  unlikely 
  that 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Saratoga, 
  the 
  

   water 
  may 
  extend 
  to 
  the 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  fault. 
  As 
  has 
  been 
  

   previously 
  stated, 
  the 
  course 
  of 
  this 
  particular 
  fault 
  south 
  of 
  Sara- 
  

   toga 
  is 
  conjectural, 
  but 
  on 
  the 
  assumption 
  that 
  it 
  runs 
  down 
  to 
  

   Ballston, 
  as 
  provisionally 
  mapped, 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  quite 
  possible 
  for 
  

   the 
  waters 
  to 
  pass 
  beyond 
  it 
  and 
  appear 
  west 
  of 
  it. 
  About 
  Ballston 
  

   shales 
  are 
  the 
  surface 
  rocks 
  on 
  both 
  sides 
  of 
  the 
  fault, 
  with 
  the 
  

   Little 
  Falls 
  dolomite 
  below 
  ground 
  on 
  each 
  side 
  under 
  a 
  protect- 
  

   ing 
  shale 
  cover. 
  Along 
  the 
  south 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  quad- 
  

   rangle 
  the 
  shales 
  extend 
  entirely 
  across 
  the 
  sheet 
  from 
  east 
  to 
  west, 
  

   the 
  southerly 
  dip 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  giving 
  rise 
  to 
  shales 
  at 
  the 
  surface 
  

   in 
  each 
  of 
  the 
  successive 
  fault 
  strips. 
  The 
  diagram, 
  figure 
  16, 
  

   will 
  explain 
  the 
  assumed 
  course 
  of 
  the 
  underground 
  water, 
  better 
  

   than 
  can 
  be 
  done 
  verbally. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  account 
  for 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  these 
  waters, 
  held 
  

   imprisoned 
  beneath 
  the 
  shales, 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  two 
  ways. 
  They 
  may 
  

  

  