﻿GEOLOGY 
  OF 
  SARATOGA 
  SPRINGS 
  AND 
  VICINITY 
  1 
  59 
  

  

  The 
  generalized 
  section 
  of 
  the 
  rocks 
  above 
  the 
  Little 
  Falls 
  

   dolomite 
  shown 
  in 
  the 
  Natural 
  Company's 
  wells 
  on 
  South 
  Broad- 
  

   way 
  is 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  Soil 
  and 
  gray 
  sand 
  25 
  feet 
  

  

  Quicksand 
  45 
  feet 
  

  

  Clay 
  20 
  feet 
  

  

  Sand 
  and 
  gravel 
  50 
  feet 
  

  

  140 
  feet 
  Drift 
  

  

  r 
  Shale 
  75 
  feet 
  

   118 
  feet 
  Canajoharie 
  shale 
  J 
  Alternating 
  shale 
  and 
  

  

  1^ 
  limestone 
  43 
  feet 
  

  

  36 
  feet 
  Amsterdam 
  limestone 
  

   Little 
  Falls 
  dolomite 
  

  

  The 
  lowermost 
  drift 
  deposit 
  at 
  the 
  locality 
  is 
  a 
  heavy 
  bed 
  of 
  

   porous 
  sand 
  and 
  gravel, 
  capped 
  by 
  a 
  twenty-foot 
  thickness 
  of 
  

   quite 
  impervious 
  Albany 
  clay. 
  When 
  first 
  entered 
  by 
  the 
  drill 
  

   these 
  lower 
  sands 
  were 
  full 
  of 
  carbonated 
  water, 
  which 
  had 
  got 
  

   into 
  the 
  sand 
  because 
  of 
  one 
  or 
  more 
  natural 
  springs 
  coming 
  up 
  

   through 
  the 
  shales 
  and 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  retained 
  there 
  by 
  the 
  cover 
  

   of 
  impervious 
  clay. 
  There 
  was 
  here 
  a 
  local 
  reservoir 
  of 
  carbonated 
  

   water 
  at 
  a 
  horizon 
  150 
  feet 
  or 
  more 
  above 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  dolomite. 
  

   At 
  an 
  early 
  date 
  in 
  the 
  history 
  of 
  the 
  operations 
  of 
  the 
  Natural 
  

   company 
  this 
  upper 
  reservoir 
  was 
  pumped 
  out 
  and 
  so 
  remained. 
  

   When 
  full 
  it 
  served 
  to 
  transmit 
  the 
  pressures 
  of 
  the 
  ground 
  waters 
  

   in 
  the 
  upper 
  sands 
  down 
  to 
  the 
  rock 
  waters 
  beneath; 
  when 
  ex- 
  

   hausted 
  of 
  water 
  the 
  hydrostatic 
  column 
  was 
  interrupted 
  and 
  this 
  

   pressure 
  no 
  longer 
  transmitted, 
  with 
  the 
  result 
  that 
  the 
  normal 
  

   water 
  head 
  was 
  lost, 
  what 
  amounted 
  to 
  a 
  great 
  cone 
  of 
  depression 
  

   was 
  produced, 
  and 
  the 
  water 
  levels 
  in 
  the 
  village 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  east 
  

   side 
  of 
  Coesa 
  creek 
  were 
  affected. 
  

  

  The 
  presence 
  of 
  original 
  carbonated 
  water 
  in 
  this 
  sand 
  we 
  take 
  

   to 
  demonstrate 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  outlets 
  for 
  the 
  water 
  in 
  the 
  shales 
  

   below. 
  The 
  carbonated 
  water 
  came 
  up 
  through 
  the 
  shales 
  and 
  

   filled 
  the 
  sand 
  reservoir 
  under 
  the 
  clay. 
  

  

  Since 
  pumping 
  ceased 
  all 
  over 
  the 
  district, 
  as 
  it 
  passed 
  under 
  

   State 
  control, 
  this 
  pumped 
  out 
  reservoir 
  in 
  the 
  sand 
  has 
  been 
  

   slowly 
  refilling. 
  When 
  such 
  refilling 
  shall 
  be 
  complete 
  and 
  the 
  

   old 
  ground 
  water 
  head 
  thus 
  restored, 
  we 
  look 
  to 
  see 
  a 
  demon- 
  

   stration 
  of 
  its 
  effect 
  upon 
  the 
  water 
  levels 
  in 
  the 
  lower 
  grounds. 
  

  

  The 
  waters 
  in 
  the 
  dolomite 
  are 
  no 
  doubt 
  following 
  crevices 
  for 
  

  

  