﻿l60 
  NEW 
  YORK 
  STATE 
  MUSEUM 
  

  

  the 
  most 
  part. 
  There 
  must 
  be 
  a 
  host 
  of 
  these, 
  and 
  the 
  connec- 
  

   tions 
  between 
  the 
  different 
  water-bearing 
  crevices 
  must 
  vary 
  

   greatly 
  in 
  character. 
  Some 
  must 
  be 
  very 
  direct 
  and 
  others 
  ex- 
  

   tremely 
  indirect. 
  So 
  long 
  as 
  they 
  were 
  controlled 
  by 
  the 
  same 
  

   general 
  hydrostatic 
  head 
  they 
  would 
  be 
  expected 
  to 
  show 
  close 
  

   sympathy 
  in 
  action, 
  whether 
  the 
  connection 
  were 
  direct 
  or 
  in- 
  

   direct. 
  With 
  the 
  loss 
  of 
  this 
  general 
  head, 
  controlling 
  the 
  water 
  

   pressures 
  in 
  all 
  the 
  crevices, 
  this 
  close 
  sympathy 
  of 
  action 
  would 
  

   no 
  longer 
  obtain. 
  Active 
  pumping 
  of 
  a 
  well 
  might 
  quickly 
  and 
  

   notably 
  affect 
  the 
  water 
  level 
  of 
  a 
  neighboring 
  well, 
  and 
  not 
  at 
  

   all 
  affect 
  another 
  well 
  equally 
  near 
  to 
  the 
  first 
  but 
  in 
  a 
  different 
  

   direction 
  from 
  it. 
  In 
  the 
  first 
  case 
  the 
  underground 
  connections 
  

   would 
  be 
  fairly 
  direct; 
  in 
  the 
  second 
  case 
  very 
  indirect; 
  but 
  under 
  

   the 
  circumstances 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  no 
  underground 
  

   connection 
  whatever 
  between 
  the 
  two 
  wells, 
  might 
  not 
  be 
  justified 
  

   at 
  all. 
  

  

  Have 
  the 
  waters 
  a 
  common 
  source? 
  The 
  carbonated 
  waters 
  

   of 
  the 
  Saratoga 
  region 
  are 
  peculiar. 
  The 
  abundance 
  of 
  carbon 
  

   dioxid, 
  of 
  sodium 
  chlorid, 
  and 
  of 
  calcium, 
  magnesium 
  and 
  sodium 
  

   bicarbonates, 
  and 
  the 
  almost 
  entire 
  lack 
  of 
  sulphates, 
  gives 
  them 
  a 
  

   character 
  which 
  is 
  possessed 
  by 
  few 
  other 
  natural 
  waters 
  the 
  world 
  

   over. 
  Taken 
  together 
  with 
  their 
  restricted 
  distribution, 
  this 
  leads 
  

   irresistibly 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  a 
  common 
  source. 
  

   They 
  distinctly 
  impress 
  us 
  as 
  mixed 
  waters, 
  waters 
  which 
  have 
  

   not 
  obtained 
  all 
  their 
  dissolved 
  mineral 
  matter 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  

   and 
  place 
  and 
  which, 
  probably 
  in 
  the 
  latter 
  stages 
  of 
  their 
  under- 
  

   ground 
  journey, 
  have 
  become 
  diluted 
  in 
  varying 
  degree 
  with 
  

   fresh, 
  surface 
  waters. 
  The 
  varying 
  degree 
  of 
  mineralization 
  of 
  

   the 
  waters 
  of 
  the 
  different 
  springs, 
  when 
  compared 
  with 
  one 
  an- 
  

   other, 
  is 
  most 
  simply 
  and 
  naturally 
  accounted 
  for 
  in 
  this 
  way. 
  The 
  

   statement 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  regard 
  to 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  pumped 
  

   wells, 
  that 
  unusually 
  prolonged 
  and 
  vigorous 
  pumping 
  of 
  a 
  well 
  

   results 
  in 
  bringing 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  brine 
  of 
  increased 
  strength, 
  seems 
  

   to 
  us 
  to 
  point 
  to 
  the 
  same 
  thing. 
  Under 
  these 
  circumstances 
  less 
  

   dilution 
  with 
  fresher 
  surface 
  waters 
  takes 
  place 
  than 
  is 
  normal 
  

   for 
  the 
  particular 
  well. 
  

  

  By 
  a 
  common 
  source 
  we 
  mean 
  that 
  the 
  original 
  mineralization 
  

   of 
  the 
  waters 
  takes 
  place 
  in 
  a 
  specific 
  underground 
  area 
  of 
  un- 
  

   known 
  extent, 
  owing 
  to 
  specific 
  chemical 
  reactions 
  of 
  unknown 
  

   nature, 
  and 
  that 
  from 
  this 
  area 
  the 
  waters 
  follow 
  a 
  definite 
  route 
  

   to 
  the 
  surface, 
  no 
  doubt 
  undergoing 
  further 
  mineralization 
  on 
  

   their 
  way. 
  Our 
  conception 
  of 
  the 
  route 
  is 
  that 
  from 
  a 
  deep-seated 
  

  

  